1 00:00:00,566 --> 00:00:06,566 [music playing] 2 00:00:16,233 --> 00:00:18,233 [applause] 3 00:00:18,233 --> 00:00:20,533 - SO WELCOME TO THE 75TH ANNIVERSARY 4 00:00:20,533 --> 00:00:22,866 OF NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER 5 00:00:22,866 --> 00:00:27,366 AND TO THE DIRECTOR'S COLLOQUIUM SUMMER SERIES. 6 00:00:27,366 --> 00:00:29,433 KNOWLEDGE IS POWER. 7 00:00:29,433 --> 00:00:32,066 KNOWLEDGE IS FREEDOM. 8 00:00:32,066 --> 00:00:35,233 THE ONLY THINGS THAT YOU TRULY OWN 9 00:00:35,233 --> 00:00:37,133 IS WHAT YOU LEARN 10 00:00:37,133 --> 00:00:39,833 AND YOUR RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE WORLD. 11 00:00:39,833 --> 00:00:43,866 SO KNOWLEDGE IS THE GREATEST GIFT YOU CAN GIVE 12 00:00:43,866 --> 00:00:46,100 AND RECEIVE. 13 00:00:46,100 --> 00:00:49,833 THE KHAN ACADEMY MAKES KNOWLEDGE ACCESSIBLE 14 00:00:49,833 --> 00:00:51,833 TO EVERYONE, 15 00:00:51,833 --> 00:00:55,433 KNOWLEDGE THAT WILL CHANGE THEIR LIVES 16 00:00:55,433 --> 00:00:59,633 AND THE WORLD. 17 00:00:59,633 --> 00:01:02,133 TODAY'S TALK IS ENTITLED 18 00:01:02,133 --> 00:01:06,166 "KHAN ACADEMY: EDUCATION REIMAGINED" 19 00:01:06,166 --> 00:01:10,366 AND WILL BE PRESENTED BY SALMAN KHAN. 20 00:01:10,366 --> 00:01:12,800 MR. KHAN IS THE FOUNDER OF THE KHAN ACADEMY, 21 00:01:12,800 --> 00:01:15,300 A NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION WITH A MISSION 22 00:01:15,300 --> 00:01:19,100 OF PROVIDING FREE, HIGH-QUALITY EDUCATION 23 00:01:19,100 --> 00:01:23,533 FOR ANYONE ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD. 24 00:01:23,533 --> 00:01:25,066 HE GRADUATED FROM MIT 25 00:01:25,066 --> 00:01:27,400 WITH TWO BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREES-- 26 00:01:27,400 --> 00:01:30,666 ONE IN MATHEMATICS AND ONE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 27 00:01:30,666 --> 00:01:33,533 AND COMPUTER SCIENCE 28 00:01:33,533 --> 00:01:38,233 AND A MASTER'S OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING. 29 00:01:38,233 --> 00:01:42,633 HE ALSO HOLDS A MASTER'S OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 30 00:01:42,633 --> 00:01:44,800 FROM HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL. 31 00:01:44,800 --> 00:01:49,366 FOR HIS WORK, SALMAN HAS RECEIVED MANY PRESTIGIOUS AWARDS 32 00:01:49,366 --> 00:01:51,100 AND HONORS. 33 00:01:51,100 --> 00:01:54,133 PLEASE JOIN ME IN WELCOMING SALMAN KHAN. 34 00:01:54,133 --> 00:01:57,133 [applause] 35 00:01:59,700 --> 00:02:02,200 - THANKS SO MUCH. 36 00:02:04,166 --> 00:02:06,000 SO VERY EXCITING TO BE HERE. 37 00:02:06,000 --> 00:02:09,733 I ALWAYS LIKE TO START THESE CONVERSATIONS 38 00:02:09,733 --> 00:02:11,500 REALLY JUST GETTING A SENSE OF WHO'S IN THE ROOM. 39 00:02:11,500 --> 00:02:14,633 HOW MANY OF Y'ALL ARE-- 40 00:02:14,633 --> 00:02:16,633 ARE USERS OF KHAN ACADEMY IN SOME-- 41 00:02:16,633 --> 00:02:18,800 OH, GOOD. YES. HOW MANY OF Y'ALL-- 42 00:02:18,800 --> 00:02:21,100 HOW MANY OF THOSE ARE EXISTING STUDENTS? 43 00:02:21,100 --> 00:02:23,933 OKAY, HOW MANY OF Y'ALL ARE IN HIGH SCHOOL? 44 00:02:23,933 --> 00:02:25,733 OKAY. OH, THERE'S A GOOD CROWD HERE. 45 00:02:25,733 --> 00:02:28,333 HOW MANY OF Y'ALL ARE IN COLLEGE? 46 00:02:28,333 --> 00:02:30,666 OH, WOW. GRAD SCHOOL? 47 00:02:30,666 --> 00:02:32,633 A FEW. OKAY, VERY-- THIS IS-- 48 00:02:32,633 --> 00:02:34,933 MIDDLE OR ELEMENTARY, ANY? [laughter] 49 00:02:34,933 --> 00:02:37,300 OH, VERY GOOD. OH, YEAH. OH, LOOK. OH, THERE. 50 00:02:37,300 --> 00:02:39,700 VERY GOOD, AND HOW MANY OF Y'ALL ARE PARENTS WHO-- 51 00:02:39,700 --> 00:02:41,366 OKAY. 52 00:02:41,366 --> 00:02:44,200 AND HOW MANY OF YOU HAVE NO IDEA WHAT KHAN ACADEMY IS? 53 00:02:44,200 --> 00:02:45,833 GOOD. I'M GONNA BE TALKING TO YOU TODAY. 54 00:02:45,833 --> 00:02:47,900 [laughter] 55 00:02:47,900 --> 00:02:50,800 SO AS-- 56 00:02:50,800 --> 00:02:53,100 IT SOUNDS LIKE MOST OF Y'ALL ARE PROBABLY FAMILIAR. 57 00:02:53,100 --> 00:02:55,266 KHAN ACADEMY IS OFTEN ASSOCIATED 58 00:02:55,266 --> 00:02:57,766 WITH A COLLECTION OF VIDEOS THAT I STARTED MAKING, 59 00:02:57,766 --> 00:03:00,533 NOW, YOU KNOW, A DECENT NUMBER OF YEARS AGO. 60 00:03:00,533 --> 00:03:01,966 BUT AS WE'RE GONNA TALK ABOUT OVER THE COURSE 61 00:03:01,966 --> 00:03:04,166 OF THIS CONVERSATION IS 62 00:03:04,166 --> 00:03:06,300 IT'S NOW MUCH, MUCH, MUCH MORE THAN JUST VIDEOS. 63 00:03:06,300 --> 00:03:08,766 IN FACT, IN MY MIND, THE VIDEOS ARE A SMALL PART 64 00:03:08,766 --> 00:03:11,800 OF WHAT KHAN ACADEMY IS AND WHAT IT'S GOING TO BE. 65 00:03:11,800 --> 00:03:13,433 BUT TO GET EVERYONE ON THE SAME PAGE, 66 00:03:13,433 --> 00:03:15,200 AND ESPECIALLY FOR THE GENTLEMAN WHO DOESN'T--ISN'T FAMILIAR 67 00:03:15,200 --> 00:03:17,666 WITH KHAN ACADEMY, I WILL SHOW A QUICK MONTAGE 68 00:03:17,666 --> 00:03:20,666 OF VIDEOS. 69 00:03:20,666 --> 00:03:23,633 ALL THESE INTERACTIONS ARE JUST DUE TO THE GRAVITY. 70 00:03:23,633 --> 00:03:26,366 - THIS IS AN AGE RIGHT AFTER ISAAC NEWTON-- 71 00:03:26,366 --> 00:03:28,533 - I'M TOLD THE HUMIDITY MAKES IT FEEL HOTTER. 72 00:03:28,533 --> 00:03:29,666 WHY IS THIS? 73 00:03:29,666 --> 00:03:31,333 - EXCELLENT QUESTION, LEBRON. 74 00:03:31,333 --> 00:03:33,700 - AND YOU CAN JUST SEE THE PLEASURE HE HAD. 75 00:03:33,700 --> 00:03:36,433 - CAN YOU DETERMINE WHICH LIGHT BULB IS BEING SWITCHED? 76 00:03:36,433 --> 00:03:38,766 - THINGS ACTUALLY CAN INTERBREED, 77 00:03:38,766 --> 00:03:40,100 ALTHOUGH FOR THESE TWO IN PARTICULAR, 78 00:03:40,100 --> 00:03:41,233 IT SEEMS LIKE THE MECHANICS WOULD GET KIND OF-- 79 00:03:41,233 --> 00:03:42,466 [laughter] 80 00:03:42,466 --> 00:03:43,933 - KEEP PLAYING AROUND WITH THESE NUMBERS 81 00:03:43,933 --> 00:03:45,833 AND SEE WHAT KIND OF COLORS I CAN COME UP WITH. 82 00:03:45,833 --> 00:03:49,366 - IF THIS DOES NOT BLOW YOUR MIND, 83 00:03:49,366 --> 00:03:51,233 THEN YOU HAVE NO EMOTION. 84 00:03:51,233 --> 00:03:54,933 [laughter] 85 00:03:54,933 --> 00:03:58,600 - HAD A FEELING THIS CROWD WOULD APPRECIATE EULER'S IDENTITY. 86 00:03:58,600 --> 00:04:01,900 BUT AS I MENTIONED, IT'S NOT JUST VIDEOS. 87 00:04:01,900 --> 00:04:06,200 THIS RIGHT OVER HERE, THIS IS OUR COMPUTER SCIENCE PLATFORM. 88 00:04:06,200 --> 00:04:08,933 IT'S A PLACE WHERE YOU CAN GO, YOU CAN CODE. 89 00:04:08,933 --> 00:04:11,166 AND OUR WHOLE GOAL HERE IS, YOU KNOW, 90 00:04:11,166 --> 00:04:12,933 FOR ALL OF US WHO HAVE EVER PROGRAMMED, 91 00:04:12,933 --> 00:04:15,166 WE ALWAYS GOT INTO IT SAYING, "HEY, I WANT TO CREATE A GAME. 92 00:04:15,166 --> 00:04:17,700 I WANT TO CREATE A SCREENSAVER. I WANT TO CREATE AN ANIMATION." 93 00:04:17,700 --> 00:04:19,600 AND THEN WE JUST LEARNED WHAT IT'D TAKE TO BUILD 94 00:04:19,600 --> 00:04:21,333 THAT ANIMATION, WHICH ISN'T HOW IT'S TRADITIONALLY TAUGHT. 95 00:04:21,333 --> 00:04:22,566 TRADITIONALLY, IT'S LIKE, 96 00:04:22,566 --> 00:04:23,933 "HEY, THIS IS A FOR LOOP. THIS IS A VARIABLE." 97 00:04:23,933 --> 00:04:26,766 AND SO WE REALLY WANTED TO GIVE THAT CREATIVE SPIRIT 98 00:04:26,766 --> 00:04:30,166 THAT I THINK ALL PROGRAMMERS ORIGINALLY GOT INTO IT FOR 99 00:04:30,166 --> 00:04:32,400 TO THE LEARNER, AND THEY CAN HAVE PROFILES, 100 00:04:32,400 --> 00:04:35,733 AND THEY CAN BUILD, AND THEY CAN GET PEER FEEDBACK 101 00:04:35,733 --> 00:04:37,466 BASED ON WHAT THEY'RE DOING. 102 00:04:37,466 --> 00:04:39,866 THIS IS WHAT MOST OF OUR TEAM IS FOCUSED ON. 103 00:04:39,866 --> 00:04:42,066 I GUESS YOU COULD CALL THIS THE MEAT OF KHAN ACADEMY. 104 00:04:42,066 --> 00:04:44,533 IT'S OUR INTERACTIVE MATH EXPERIENCE. 105 00:04:44,533 --> 00:04:47,633 AND THE IDEA HERE IS A STUDENT CAN GO, LOG ON, 106 00:04:47,633 --> 00:04:49,466 THEY'LL TAKE A DIAGNOSTIC, AND ALL THIS IS FREE. 107 00:04:49,466 --> 00:04:51,266 IT'S ALL AVAILABLE. 108 00:04:51,266 --> 00:04:52,833 AND BASED ON HOW THE STUDENT'S PERFORMING, 109 00:04:52,833 --> 00:04:54,866 IT'LL BUILD A STATISTICAL MODEL OF WHAT THEY KNOW 110 00:04:54,866 --> 00:04:56,900 AND DON'T KNOW, AND THEN BASED ON THAT, 111 00:04:56,900 --> 00:04:59,500 GUIDE THEM THROUGH EXERCISES, GIVE THEM FEEDBACK. 112 00:04:59,500 --> 00:05:01,400 IF THEY HAVE A TEACHER OR A PARENT, 113 00:05:01,400 --> 00:05:03,033 IT CAN GIVE THE TEACHER OR THE PARENT REPORTS 114 00:05:03,033 --> 00:05:04,500 ON HOW THEY'RE DOING, 115 00:05:04,500 --> 00:05:06,233 AND OBVIOUSLY, A WHOLE SERIES OF GAME MECHANICS 116 00:05:06,233 --> 00:05:09,633 TO HOPEFULLY KEEP THE STUDENTS AS MOTIVATED AS POSSIBLE. 117 00:05:09,633 --> 00:05:12,366 SO THIS IS WHERE WE ARE RIGHT NOW. 118 00:05:12,366 --> 00:05:15,566 KHAN ACADEMY IS BEING USED IN SOME WAY, SHAPE, OR FORM 119 00:05:15,566 --> 00:05:18,100 IN ALMOST EVERY COUNTRY ON THE PLANET. 120 00:05:18,100 --> 00:05:21,200 OVER 300,000 EDUCATORS 121 00:05:21,200 --> 00:05:23,833 HAVE REGISTERED AND ARE USING IT IN SOME WAY. 122 00:05:23,833 --> 00:05:25,866 10 MILLION UNIQUE STUDENTS EVERY MONTH 123 00:05:25,866 --> 00:05:27,933 ARE USING THE SITE. 124 00:05:27,933 --> 00:05:29,666 AND THEY'VE DONE OVER 2 BILLION EXERCISES, 125 00:05:29,666 --> 00:05:32,633 AND YOU SAW A LITTLE SAMPLE OF WHAT THOSE EXERCISES LOOK LIKE. 126 00:05:32,633 --> 00:05:35,066 BUT BEFORE KIND OF GOING MORE INTO WHERE WERE GOING, 127 00:05:35,066 --> 00:05:37,066 I WILL TAKE A STEP BACK, AND I CAN SENSE 128 00:05:37,066 --> 00:05:39,100 THAT MANY OF YOU ALL ARE FAMILIAR WITH THIS. 129 00:05:39,100 --> 00:05:41,366 BUT I'LL GIVE A LITTLE BIT OF TEXTURE 130 00:05:41,366 --> 00:05:42,733 OF HOW ALL OF THIS GOT STARTED. 131 00:05:42,733 --> 00:05:44,533 AND IT'S EXCITING TO SPEAK HERE, 132 00:05:44,533 --> 00:05:46,966 BECAUSE IT ALL GOT STARTED, FRANKLY, NOT TOO FAR FROM HERE. 133 00:05:46,966 --> 00:05:50,700 IF YOU REWIND TO SUMMER OF 2004, 134 00:05:50,700 --> 00:05:52,733 SO ALMOST EXACTLY TEN YEARS AGO, 135 00:05:52,733 --> 00:05:55,100 I WAS A YEAR OUT OF BUSINESS SCHOOL. 136 00:05:55,100 --> 00:05:57,033 I HAD JUST GOTTEN MARRIED, 137 00:05:57,033 --> 00:05:59,600 AND I WAS BASED IN BOSTON AT THE TIME. 138 00:05:59,600 --> 00:06:01,666 AND I HAD A BUNCH OF FAMILY VISITING ME FROM NEW ORLEANS. 139 00:06:01,666 --> 00:06:03,766 THAT'S WHERE I WAS BORN AND RAISED, AS WELL. 140 00:06:03,766 --> 00:06:05,533 AND IT JUST CAME OUT OF CONVERSATION 141 00:06:05,533 --> 00:06:06,933 THAT ONE OF MY COUSINS, NADIA-- 142 00:06:06,933 --> 00:06:10,066 HER MOM TOLD ME THAT NADIA WAS HAVING TROUBLE WITH MATH. 143 00:06:10,066 --> 00:06:12,366 AND SO WHEN NADIA CAME INTO THE ROOM, 144 00:06:12,366 --> 00:06:13,966 I ASKED HER, "WHAT'S GOING ON?" 145 00:06:13,966 --> 00:06:15,200 SHE SAID, "WELL, I TOOK A-- 146 00:06:15,200 --> 00:06:16,466 YOU KNOW, I'VE BEEN A DECENT STUDENT. 147 00:06:16,466 --> 00:06:18,300 I'VE BEEN GETTING B-PLUSES, A-MINUSES." 148 00:06:18,300 --> 00:06:21,500 BUT THERE WAS A PLACEMENT EXAM AT THE END OF SIXTH GRADE, 149 00:06:21,500 --> 00:06:23,466 AND IT HAD UNIT CONVERSION ON IT-- 150 00:06:23,466 --> 00:06:25,366 YOU KNOW, OUNCES TO GALLONS, MILES TO KILOMETERS-- 151 00:06:25,366 --> 00:06:27,033 AND ACCORDING TO NADIA, SHE JUST, YOU KNOW, 152 00:06:27,033 --> 00:06:28,600 COULDN'T PROCESS IT. 153 00:06:28,600 --> 00:06:30,633 SHE'S JUST NOT GOOD AT UNIT CONVERSION. 154 00:06:30,633 --> 00:06:31,633 AND SO I TOLD HER, "LOOK, 155 00:06:31,633 --> 00:06:33,400 I THINK YOU COULD EASILY OVERCOME THAT." 156 00:06:33,400 --> 00:06:35,533 I THINK SHE THOUGHT IT WAS KIND OF AN EMPTY PEP TALK. 157 00:06:35,533 --> 00:06:37,833 SO I SAID, "NO, NO, SERIOUSLY. WELL, IF YOU'RE UP FOR IT, 158 00:06:37,833 --> 00:06:39,233 HOW ABOUT WHEN YOU GO BACK TO NEW ORLEANS, 159 00:06:39,233 --> 00:06:41,300 WE'LL GET ON THE PHONE AND WHATEVER ELSE WE CAN USE 160 00:06:41,300 --> 00:06:44,266 AND I'LL TUTOR YOU?" AND SHE WAS UP FOR IT. 161 00:06:44,266 --> 00:06:48,866 SO SHE WENT BACK, AND SO STARTING AUGUST OF 2004, 162 00:06:48,866 --> 00:06:50,533 EVERY DAY AFTER SCHOOL FOR HER, 163 00:06:50,533 --> 00:06:52,866 EVERY DAY AFTER WORK FOR ME, GOT ON THE PHONE. 164 00:06:52,866 --> 00:06:56,166 WE EVENTUALLY FIGURED OUT A WAY TO SEE EACH OTHER'S SCRAWLS ON-- 165 00:06:56,166 --> 00:06:59,133 YAHOO! INSTANT MESSENGER HAD A LITTLE DOODLE FUNCTIONALITY 166 00:06:59,133 --> 00:07:00,666 AT THE TIME. 167 00:07:00,666 --> 00:07:02,333 AND SO WE JUST STARTED WORKING, 168 00:07:02,333 --> 00:07:04,400 AND, YOU KNOW, THE FIRST MONTH WAS TOUGH. 169 00:07:04,400 --> 00:07:06,300 SHE ESSENTIALLY HAD PSYCHED HERSELF OUT. 170 00:07:06,300 --> 00:07:09,166 SHE HAD CONVINCED HERSELF THAT SHE'S JUST NOT GOOD AT MATH. 171 00:07:09,166 --> 00:07:11,566 BUT SLOWLY BUT SURELY, SHE STARTED TO ENGAGE, 172 00:07:11,566 --> 00:07:14,700 SHE STARTED TO REALLY KIND OF OWN AND TACKLE THE PROBLEMS. 173 00:07:14,700 --> 00:07:16,400 AND THEN SOMETHING CLICKED, 174 00:07:16,400 --> 00:07:18,266 AND SHE NOT ONLY GOT UNIT CONVERSION, 175 00:07:18,266 --> 00:07:20,400 SHE STARTED TO ACTUALLY GET A LITTLE BIT AHEAD OF THE CURVE 176 00:07:20,400 --> 00:07:22,766 OF WHERE YOU WOULD EXPECT A SEVENTH GRADE STUDENT TO BE. 177 00:07:22,766 --> 00:07:24,600 AND AT THAT POINT, I BECAME WHAT I CALL 178 00:07:24,600 --> 00:07:28,100 A TIGER COUSIN. [laughter] 179 00:07:28,100 --> 00:07:30,633 SO I CALLED UP HER SCHOOL, AND I SAID, 180 00:07:30,633 --> 00:07:32,233 "YOU KNOW, I REALLY THINK NADIA RAHMAN 181 00:07:32,233 --> 00:07:34,666 SHOULD RETAKE THAT PLACEMENT EXAM FROM LAST YEAR." 182 00:07:34,666 --> 00:07:37,466 THEY SAID, "WHO ARE YOU?" [laughter] 183 00:07:37,466 --> 00:07:40,300 I POINTED OUT THAT I'M HER COUSIN. 184 00:07:40,300 --> 00:07:42,733 AND SOMEWHAT SURPRISING, 185 00:07:42,733 --> 00:07:45,033 THEY DID ALLOW HER TO RETAKE THE PLACEMENT EXAM, 186 00:07:45,033 --> 00:07:47,300 AND SHE WENT FROM BEING TRACKED IN THE REMEDIAL CLASS 187 00:07:47,300 --> 00:07:50,866 TO NOT JUST THE AVERAGE CLASS, BUT INTO THE ADVANCED CLASS. 188 00:07:50,866 --> 00:07:53,633 AND, YOU KNOW, AND I COULD GO ON AND ON ABOUT NADIA. 189 00:07:53,633 --> 00:07:56,300 I MEAN, THAT SAME NADIA, JUST TO FAST-FORWARD A LITTLE BIT, 190 00:07:56,300 --> 00:07:58,033 WHO, YOU KNOW, AT AGE 12, 191 00:07:58,033 --> 00:07:59,833 THOUGHT SHE COULDN'T GET UNIT CONVERSION, 192 00:07:59,833 --> 00:08:02,100 BY AGE 14, WAS TAKING CALCULUS 193 00:08:02,100 --> 00:08:03,866 AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW ORLEANS. 194 00:08:03,866 --> 00:08:04,966 AND THAT'S SOMETHING THAT WE JUST-- 195 00:08:04,966 --> 00:08:06,900 YOU KNOW, AND I'VE SEEN MORE AND MORE 196 00:08:06,900 --> 00:08:08,633 THE MORE THAT KHAN ACADEMY HAS GROWN. 197 00:08:08,633 --> 00:08:11,966 BUT AS--REWIND BACK TO FALL OF 2004, 198 00:08:11,966 --> 00:08:13,400 I WAS EXCITED. 199 00:08:13,400 --> 00:08:16,266 IT WAS THIS KIND OF VERY SMALL THING THAT I DID WITH MY COUSIN. 200 00:08:16,266 --> 00:08:18,000 IT SEEMED TO REALLY HELP HER OUT, 201 00:08:18,000 --> 00:08:20,566 SO I STARTED WORKING WITH HER YOUNGER BROTHERS. 202 00:08:20,566 --> 00:08:23,300 THEN A FEW THINGS HAPPENED OVER THE NEXT TWO YEARS. 203 00:08:23,300 --> 00:08:25,100 THE FIRST IS I WAS AN ANALYST 204 00:08:25,100 --> 00:08:28,933 AT A SMALL INVESTMENT FIRM, AND-- 205 00:08:28,933 --> 00:08:32,400 VERY SMALL, IT WAS ME, MY BOSS, AND HIS DOG, AND-- 206 00:08:32,400 --> 00:08:34,633 [laughter] THE DOG WAS THE CHIEF ECONOMIST. 207 00:08:34,633 --> 00:08:36,766 AND WE-- [laughter] 208 00:08:36,766 --> 00:08:38,366 WE ACTUALLY HAD CARDS PRINTED. 209 00:08:38,366 --> 00:08:40,266 AND HIS WIFE-- 210 00:08:40,266 --> 00:08:42,000 MY BOSS' WIFE, NOT THE-- 211 00:08:42,000 --> 00:08:45,266 BECAME A PROFESSOR AT STANFORD LAW SCHOOL. 212 00:08:45,266 --> 00:08:48,200 SO WE MOVED THE FIRM OUT HERE. 213 00:08:48,200 --> 00:08:52,400 AND SO I WAS NOW BASED OUT HERE 214 00:08:52,400 --> 00:08:54,166 IN PALO ALTO AND THEN MOVED TO MOUNTAIN VIEW. 215 00:08:54,166 --> 00:08:56,066 AND THE OTHER THING THAT HAPPENED 216 00:08:56,066 --> 00:08:58,300 IS WORD GOT AROUND IN THE FAMILY THAT FREE TUTORING WAS GOING ON. 217 00:08:58,300 --> 00:09:00,300 [laughter] 218 00:09:00,300 --> 00:09:01,966 SO I WAS WORKING EVERY DAY AFTER WORK 219 00:09:01,966 --> 00:09:04,766 WITH ABOUT 10 OR 15 COUSINS, FAMILY FRIENDS 220 00:09:04,766 --> 00:09:06,833 ALL OVER THE COUNTRY. 221 00:09:06,833 --> 00:09:08,900 AND TO HELP SCALE THAT UP A LITTLE BIT, 222 00:09:08,900 --> 00:09:10,433 YOU KNOW, I WAS WORKING WITH-- 223 00:09:10,433 --> 00:09:12,133 EVEN WHEN I WAS WORKING WITH NADIA, BUT THEN ESPECIALLY 224 00:09:12,133 --> 00:09:14,033 AS I STARTED WORKING WITH MORE AND MORE COUSINS, 225 00:09:14,033 --> 00:09:16,600 I SAW THAT EVEN THE ONES THAT WERE PRETTY GOOD STUDENTS, 226 00:09:16,600 --> 00:09:18,933 THEY ALL HAD GAPS IN THEIR KNOWLEDGE. 227 00:09:18,933 --> 00:09:20,800 AND I WANTED THEM TO BE ABLE TO PRACTICE MORE, 228 00:09:20,800 --> 00:09:22,866 AND FOR ME, AS THEIR TUTOR, TO SEE WHAT THEY KNEW 229 00:09:22,866 --> 00:09:24,300 AND WHAT THEY DIDN'T KNOW, 230 00:09:24,300 --> 00:09:27,500 SO I STARTED WRITING A LITTLE-- A QUIZZING PIECE OF SOFTWARE, 231 00:09:27,500 --> 00:09:29,733 A WEB-BASED THING THAT WOULD GENERATE PROBLEMS FOR THEM. 232 00:09:29,733 --> 00:09:31,133 AS THEY MASTERED ONE CONCEPT, 233 00:09:31,133 --> 00:09:33,066 IT WOULD MOVE THEM ON TO THE NEXT ONE. 234 00:09:33,066 --> 00:09:35,233 AND THAT WAS ACTUALLY THE GENESIS OF KHAN ACADEMY. 235 00:09:35,233 --> 00:09:36,400 IT WAS LITERALLY-- I REMEMBER THE DAY, 236 00:09:36,400 --> 00:09:38,766 I WAS LIKE, "OH, WHAT DO I CALL THIS THING?" 237 00:09:38,766 --> 00:09:40,700 AND I LOOKED FOR, LIKE, FIVE OR SIX DOMAIN NAMES. 238 00:09:40,700 --> 00:09:41,866 COULDN'T--AND ALL OF THEM WERE TAKEN. 239 00:09:41,866 --> 00:09:43,233 I'M LIKE, "WHAT ABOUT KHAN ACADEMY?" 240 00:09:43,233 --> 00:09:45,433 AND IT WAS AVAILABLE. 241 00:09:45,433 --> 00:09:47,833 AND--BUT AT THAT TIME, IT HAD NOTHING TO DO WITH VIDEOS. 242 00:09:47,833 --> 00:09:51,800 BUT THEN YOU FAST-FORWARD TO FALL OF 2006, 243 00:09:51,800 --> 00:09:54,500 I WAS AT A DINNER PARTY RIGHT HERE IN SAN MATEO, 244 00:09:54,500 --> 00:09:57,566 AND, YOU KNOW, I WAS SHOWING THIS SOFTWARE OFF 245 00:09:57,566 --> 00:09:59,366 TO A BUNCH OF MY FRIENDS. 246 00:09:59,366 --> 00:10:01,233 AND THEY ALL KNEW I HAD THIS CRAZY PROJECT 247 00:10:01,233 --> 00:10:03,466 WITH MY COUSINS. 248 00:10:03,466 --> 00:10:05,700 AND THE HOST, I GIVE HIM FULL CREDIT, 249 00:10:05,700 --> 00:10:07,266 ZULI RAMZAN, 250 00:10:07,266 --> 00:10:09,433 HE SAYS, "WELL, YOU KNOW, SAL, THIS IS COOL AND EVERYTHING, 251 00:10:09,433 --> 00:10:12,366 BUT HOW ARE YOU ACTUALLY SCALING UP YOUR ACTUAL TUTORIALS?" 252 00:10:12,366 --> 00:10:13,566 AND I SAID, "YOU KNOW, 253 00:10:13,566 --> 00:10:14,966 I'M ACTUALLY HAVING TROUBLE WITH THAT." 254 00:10:14,966 --> 00:10:17,366 WHEN, YOU KNOW--WHAT I WAS ABLE TO DO ONE-ON-ONE WITH NADIA, 255 00:10:17,366 --> 00:10:19,733 I CAN'T DO WHEN THERE'S FIVE PEOPLE ON THE PHONE. 256 00:10:19,733 --> 00:10:21,766 OR SOMETIMES I'D COVER SOMETHING WITH ONE COUSIN, 257 00:10:21,766 --> 00:10:23,166 AND THEN THE NEXT WEEK I'M COVERING IT AGAIN 258 00:10:23,166 --> 00:10:24,666 WITH ANOTHER COUSIN, AND I WISH SOMEHOW 259 00:10:24,666 --> 00:10:26,866 THAT THEY WERE THERE FOR IT THE FIRST TIME. 260 00:10:26,866 --> 00:10:29,066 AND SO ZULI SAYS, "WELL, LOOK, YOU KNOW, I'VE GOT AN IDEA. 261 00:10:29,066 --> 00:10:31,800 WHY DON'T YOU MAKE SOME OF YOUR TUTORIALS AS VIDEOS 262 00:10:31,800 --> 00:10:34,900 AND UPLOAD 'EM ON TO YOUTUBE FOR YOUR COUSINS?" 263 00:10:34,900 --> 00:10:38,233 AND I IMMEDIATELY SAID, "NO, THAT'S A HORRIBLE IDEA. 264 00:10:38,233 --> 00:10:39,700 YOUTUBE IS FOR CATS PLAYING PIANO." 265 00:10:39,700 --> 00:10:41,633 [laughter] 266 00:10:41,633 --> 00:10:44,633 "IT IS NOT FOR SERIOUS MATHEMATICS." 267 00:10:44,633 --> 00:10:46,433 BUT I WENT HOME THAT WEEKEND, 268 00:10:46,433 --> 00:10:48,966 GOT OVER THE IDEA THAT IT WASN'T MY IDEA. 269 00:10:48,966 --> 00:10:51,366 AND I-- [laughter] 270 00:10:51,366 --> 00:10:53,800 AND I DECIDED TO GIVE IT A SHOT. 271 00:10:53,800 --> 00:10:56,166 AND SO I MADE THOSE FIRST FEW VIDEOS ON LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE, 272 00:10:56,166 --> 00:10:57,666 ADDING FRACTIONS WITH UNLIKE DENOMIN-- 273 00:10:57,666 --> 00:10:59,666 JUST TOPICS THAT I SAW A LOT OF MY COUSINS 274 00:10:59,666 --> 00:11:01,633 WERE HAVING QUESTIONS ABOUT. 275 00:11:01,633 --> 00:11:04,133 AND I--YOU KNOW, AFTER I MADE ABOUT 20 OR 30 OF 'EM 276 00:11:04,133 --> 00:11:05,933 OVER THE NEXT MONTH, I STARTED TELLING MY COUSINS, 277 00:11:05,933 --> 00:11:08,300 "WELL, YOU KNOW, WHY DON'T YOU WATCH THESE FOR REVIEW, 278 00:11:08,300 --> 00:11:10,766 AND THEN WHEN WE GET ON THE PHONE, YOU CAN DIG DEEPER? 279 00:11:10,766 --> 00:11:12,466 AND THEN BASED ON THAT, I CAN EVEN MAKE MORE VIDEOS 280 00:11:12,466 --> 00:11:14,100 BASED ON WHAT QUESTIONS I'M GETTING." 281 00:11:14,100 --> 00:11:15,933 AND AFTER ABOUT A MONTH OF THEM, I ASKED FOR THEIR FEEDBACK, 282 00:11:15,933 --> 00:11:18,633 AND THEY SOMEWHAT FAMOUSLY AND BACKHANDEDLY TOLD ME 283 00:11:18,633 --> 00:11:20,733 THAT THEY LIKED ME BETTER ON YOUTUBE THAN IN PERSON. 284 00:11:20,733 --> 00:11:23,666 [laughter] 285 00:11:23,666 --> 00:11:25,833 AND, YOU KNOW, I THINK THAT-- 286 00:11:25,833 --> 00:11:27,566 AND THAT IS TRUE, 287 00:11:27,566 --> 00:11:29,700 BUT I THINK IT BEARS-- IT'S WORTH PARSING 288 00:11:29,700 --> 00:11:31,666 WHAT THEY WERE SAYING AND WHAT THEY WEREN'T SAYING. 289 00:11:31,666 --> 00:11:33,333 THEY WEREN'T SAYING THAT THEY DIDN'T APPRECIATE 290 00:11:33,333 --> 00:11:35,533 HAVING ME IN THEIR LIFE, TAKING INTEREST, 291 00:11:35,533 --> 00:11:37,100 BEING THERE TO ANSWER THEIR QUESTIONS, 292 00:11:37,100 --> 00:11:38,933 TO MENTOR THEM, TO COACH THEM. 293 00:11:38,933 --> 00:11:41,100 THEY, I BELIEVE, DID APPRECIATE THAT. 294 00:11:41,100 --> 00:11:43,600 BUT WHAT THEY WERE SAYING IS, 295 00:11:43,600 --> 00:11:45,266 IS THAT THE FIRST TIME YOU'RE LEARNING SOMETHING-- 296 00:11:45,266 --> 00:11:48,133 AND WE'VE ALL EXPERIENCED THIS-- IT'S ACTUALLY REALLY STRESSFUL. 297 00:11:48,133 --> 00:11:50,566 AND THE LAST THING YOU NEED IS EVEN A WELL-WISHER 298 00:11:50,566 --> 00:11:51,833 WAITING FOR YOU TO UNDERSTAND IT. 299 00:11:51,833 --> 00:11:53,233 "DO YOU GET THIS YET?" 300 00:11:53,233 --> 00:11:54,766 YOU'RE AFRAID THAT YOU'RE GONNA WASTE THEIR TIME. 301 00:11:54,766 --> 00:11:56,200 IF YOU'RE IN NINTH GRADE 302 00:11:56,200 --> 00:11:58,266 AND YOU FORGOT A LITTLE BIT OF YOUR FIFTH GRADE DECIMALS, 303 00:11:58,266 --> 00:11:59,633 YOU'RE EMBARRASSED. 304 00:11:59,633 --> 00:12:01,233 YOU DON'T WANT TO ADMIT IT, EVEN TO A WELL-WISHER. 305 00:12:01,233 --> 00:12:03,266 BUT NOW, WITH THE VIDEOS, NO ONE'S GOING TO JUDGE THEM. 306 00:12:03,266 --> 00:12:05,033 THEY CAN ACCESS IT WHENEVER, WHEREVER, 307 00:12:05,033 --> 00:12:07,733 REPEAT AS MUCH AS NECESSARY, SO I JUST KEPT GOING. 308 00:12:07,733 --> 00:12:09,400 I MADE MORE AND MORE AND MORE VIDEOS. 309 00:12:09,400 --> 00:12:11,166 AND THEN IT SOON BECAME CLEAR 310 00:12:11,166 --> 00:12:13,333 THAT PEOPLE WHO ARE NOT MY COUSINS WERE WATCHING. 311 00:12:13,333 --> 00:12:15,233 [laughter] AND MAYBE EVEN A FEW-- 312 00:12:15,233 --> 00:12:17,100 ACTUALLY, WHO HERE WAS-- 313 00:12:17,100 --> 00:12:19,133 WATCHED AS EARLY AS, LIKE, 2007? 314 00:12:19,133 --> 00:12:20,866 ANYBODY? OKAY, THERE'S A FEW. 315 00:12:20,866 --> 00:12:22,466 SO Y'ALL ARE NOT MY COUSINS. 316 00:12:22,466 --> 00:12:26,800 THAT'S--SO Y'ALL WERE SOME OF THE EARLY ADOPTERS OF IT. 317 00:12:26,800 --> 00:12:29,900 BUT--AND, YOU KNOW, IT WAS NEAT FOR ME 318 00:12:29,900 --> 00:12:31,733 TO JUST SEE THE VIEWERSHIP GROW, 319 00:12:31,733 --> 00:12:34,800 BUT THEN PEOPLE STARTED WRITING COMMENTS BELOW THE VIDEOS. 320 00:12:34,800 --> 00:12:37,433 AND SOME OF THE COMMENTS WERE JUST A SIMPLE "THANK YOU," 321 00:12:37,433 --> 00:12:39,366 AND EVEN THAT WAS A BIG DEAL. 322 00:12:39,366 --> 00:12:41,100 I DON'T KNOW HOW MUCH TIME Y'ALL SPEND ON YOUTUBE. 323 00:12:41,100 --> 00:12:42,766 MOST OF THE COMMENTS ARE NOT "THANK YOU." 324 00:12:42,766 --> 00:12:44,833 [laughter] THEY ARE-- 325 00:12:44,833 --> 00:12:48,733 THEY ARE SOMEWHAT EDGIER THAN-- 326 00:12:48,733 --> 00:12:51,033 BUT THEN-- BUT THEN, YOU KNOW, PEOPLE-- 327 00:12:51,033 --> 00:12:53,600 I STARTED TO GET, "HEY, I PASSED MY ALGEBRA EXAM 328 00:12:53,600 --> 00:12:55,700 BECAUSE OF THIS VIDEO," OR, "THIS IS A VIDEO 329 00:12:55,700 --> 00:12:58,000 AFTER RETIRING FROM THE MILITARY, 330 00:12:58,000 --> 00:13:00,700 I'M ABLE TO GO BACK TO COLLEGE AND REENGAGE IN MATHEMATICS." 331 00:13:00,700 --> 00:13:03,933 I REMEMBER, THIS WAS EITHER 2-- I THINK IT WAS MID-2007, 332 00:13:03,933 --> 00:13:07,700 I GOT AN E--KIND OF A YOUTUBE MESSAGE 333 00:13:07,700 --> 00:13:09,866 FROM A MOTHER, AND I BROUGHT MY WIFE OVER TO READ IT. 334 00:13:09,866 --> 00:13:11,233 IT WAS REALLY INCREDIBLE. 335 00:13:11,233 --> 00:13:13,466 SHE SAID HER SONS HAD A LEARNING DISABILITY. 336 00:13:13,466 --> 00:13:15,100 THEY WERE FALLING BEHIND, 337 00:13:15,100 --> 00:13:16,966 AND THESE VIDEOS WERE THE ONLY THINGS THAT WERE ALLOWING THEM 338 00:13:16,966 --> 00:13:18,633 TO KEEP UP WITH THEIR CLASS, 339 00:13:18,633 --> 00:13:21,200 AND BECAUSE OF THAT, HER AND HER ENTIRE FAMILY 340 00:13:21,200 --> 00:13:24,800 WERE PRAYING FOR ME AND MY ENTIRE FAMILY EVERY NIGHT. 341 00:13:24,800 --> 00:13:27,966 AND YOU GOT TO IMAGINE WHAT A STRANGE FEELING THAT WAS. 342 00:13:27,966 --> 00:13:29,766 I WAS AN ANALYST AT A HEDGE FUND. 343 00:13:29,766 --> 00:13:31,233 [laughter] 344 00:13:31,233 --> 00:13:33,133 I WASN'T USED TO PEOPLE PRAYING FOR ME. 345 00:13:33,133 --> 00:13:35,333 IT WAS VERY-- 346 00:13:35,333 --> 00:13:36,933 SO--AT LEAST IN THAT WAY. 347 00:13:36,933 --> 00:13:40,066 AND SO I JUST KEPT GOING. 348 00:13:40,066 --> 00:13:42,366 AND THEN YOU FAST-FORWARD TO 2009, 349 00:13:42,366 --> 00:13:45,233 YOU KNOW, THE VIEWERSHIP KEPT GROWING AND GROWING AND GROWING. 350 00:13:45,233 --> 00:13:47,866 BY FALL OF 2009, I FRANKLY HAD TROUBLE FOCUSING 351 00:13:47,866 --> 00:13:50,766 ON MY DAY JOB, AND, YOU KNOW, WE-- 352 00:13:50,766 --> 00:13:52,700 MY WIFE AND I, WE HAD A LITTLE BIT OF SAVINGS, 353 00:13:52,700 --> 00:13:54,966 ESSENTIALLY FOR A DOWN PAYMENT ON A HOUSE. 354 00:13:54,966 --> 00:13:57,700 AND--BUT, YOU KNOW, SHE SAW THAT THIS IS WHERE MY MIND WAS, 355 00:13:57,700 --> 00:13:59,533 THIS IS WHERE MY PASSION WAS. 356 00:13:59,533 --> 00:14:02,000 I START--YOU KNOW, WE GOT A LITTLE BIT OF PRESS. 357 00:14:02,000 --> 00:14:03,266 AND I SAID, "WELL, YOU KNOW, 358 00:14:03,266 --> 00:14:04,566 IT FEELS LIKE THERE'S SOMETHING REAL HERE." 359 00:14:04,566 --> 00:14:06,300 I SET IT UP AS A NOT-FOR-PROFIT. 360 00:14:06,300 --> 00:14:09,033 AND, YOU KNOW, I THINK WHENEVER-- 361 00:14:09,033 --> 00:14:10,600 WHEN YOU DO ANYTHING ENTREPRENEURIAL, 362 00:14:10,600 --> 00:14:12,000 WHETHER IT'S FOR PROFIT OR NOT FOR PROFIT, 363 00:14:12,000 --> 00:14:13,366 YOU ALMOST HAVE TO START 364 00:14:13,366 --> 00:14:16,300 FROM A SOMEWHAT DELUSIONALLY OPTIMISTIC POINT OF VIEW. 365 00:14:16,300 --> 00:14:18,066 AND FOR ME, IT WAS LIKE, YOU KNOW, LOOK, 366 00:14:18,066 --> 00:14:20,533 THE SOCIAL RETURN ON INVESTMENT HERE IS OFF THE CHARTS. 367 00:14:20,533 --> 00:14:21,800 YOU KNOW, JUST ME, I CAN DO THIS, 368 00:14:21,800 --> 00:14:23,700 BUT IF I COULD HAVE SOME MORE PEOPLE TO HELP ME, 369 00:14:23,700 --> 00:14:25,066 WE COULD BUILD OUT THE SOFTWARE, 370 00:14:25,066 --> 00:14:27,100 WE COULD REACH MORE AND MORE PEOPLE IN THE WORLD, 371 00:14:27,100 --> 00:14:29,366 AND SO I WAS LIKE, "SURELY SOMEONE WILL FUND THIS." 372 00:14:29,366 --> 00:14:31,166 AND, YOU KNOW, SO I QUIT MY JOB. 373 00:14:31,166 --> 00:14:34,800 THIS WAS AUGUST OF 2009, 374 00:14:34,800 --> 00:14:38,000 AND LIKE MOST ENTREPRENEURIAL STORIES, 375 00:14:38,000 --> 00:14:40,033 IT DOESN'T NECESSARILY WORK OUT THE WAY YOU PLANNED. 376 00:14:40,033 --> 00:14:41,866 AND SO THOSE FIRST FEW MONTHS, I PROBABLY-- 377 00:14:41,866 --> 00:14:43,233 YOU KNOW, I PROBABLY HAD CONVERSATIONS 378 00:14:43,233 --> 00:14:45,366 WITH ON THE ORDER OF 20, 30 FOUNDATIONS 379 00:14:45,366 --> 00:14:47,566 AND DIFFERENT GROUPS, 380 00:14:47,566 --> 00:14:49,533 AND THERE WAS A LOT OF, "HEY, THIS IS REALLY INTERESTING, 381 00:14:49,533 --> 00:14:50,733 BUT IT'S NOT QUITE WHAT WE DO." 382 00:14:50,733 --> 00:14:52,700 IT'S KIND OF A STRANGE NOT-FOR-PROFIT, 383 00:14:52,700 --> 00:14:54,366 WHERE IT'S, YOU KNOW, ONE GUY ESSENTIALLY MAKING VIDEOS, 384 00:14:54,366 --> 00:14:56,000 AT THAT POINT IN TIME. 385 00:14:56,000 --> 00:14:58,000 AND YOU FAST-FORWARD TO MAY OF 2010, 386 00:14:58,000 --> 00:15:00,066 NOW NINE MONTHS HAVE PASSED. 387 00:15:00,066 --> 00:15:02,066 I'M STARTING TO GET PRETTY PARANOID ABOUT THIS. 388 00:15:02,066 --> 00:15:05,100 MY SON HAD BEEN BORN, OUR EXPENSES HAD GROWN, 389 00:15:05,100 --> 00:15:08,600 WE HAD JUST STARTED RENTING A HOUSE HERE IN MOUNTAIN VIEW. 390 00:15:08,600 --> 00:15:11,000 AND I WAS QUESTIONING, YOU KNOW, WHAT HAVE I DONE? 391 00:15:11,000 --> 00:15:13,366 I GAVE UP A REALLY GOOD CAREER. 392 00:15:13,366 --> 00:15:16,166 I EVEN, IN SOME WEAK POINTS, STARTED UPDATING MY RESUME. 393 00:15:16,166 --> 00:15:18,800 AND I WAS GETTING SOME DONATIONS. 394 00:15:18,800 --> 00:15:20,833 I WAS GETTING--YOU KNOW, THERE WERE $5, $10 DONATIONS. 395 00:15:20,833 --> 00:15:23,600 THEY WERE AMOUNTING TO, YOU KNOW, ABOUT $100, $200 A MONTH. 396 00:15:23,600 --> 00:15:25,666 IF IT WAS ANY OF YOU, THANK YOU. 397 00:15:25,666 --> 00:15:28,333 BUT IT--OBVIOUSLY, WE WERE STILL DIGGING INTO SAVINGS, 398 00:15:28,333 --> 00:15:29,700 BUT THEN MAY OF 2010, 399 00:15:29,700 --> 00:15:32,800 ALL OF A SUDDEN, A $10,000 DONATION COMES IN. 400 00:15:32,800 --> 00:15:34,833 SO I SEE WHO IT IS. HER NAME'S ANN DOERR. 401 00:15:34,833 --> 00:15:36,700 SHE'S BASED IN PALO ALTO. 402 00:15:36,700 --> 00:15:38,633 SO I IMMEDIATELY EMAIL HER BACK. 403 00:15:38,633 --> 00:15:40,066 AND I SAID, "THANK YOU SO MUCH 404 00:15:40,066 --> 00:15:41,600 FOR THIS INCREDIBLY GENEROUS DONATION. 405 00:15:41,600 --> 00:15:42,933 THIS IS THE LARGEST DONATION 406 00:15:42,933 --> 00:15:44,900 THAT KHAN ACADEMY HAS EVER RECEIVED. 407 00:15:44,900 --> 00:15:46,200 IF WE WERE A PHYSICAL SCHOOL, 408 00:15:46,200 --> 00:15:48,933 YOU WOULD NOW HAVE A BUILDING NAMED AFTER YOU"... 409 00:15:48,933 --> 00:15:50,233 [laughter] 410 00:15:50,233 --> 00:15:52,100 WHICH IS, I THINK, QUITE INEXPENSIVE. 411 00:15:52,100 --> 00:15:54,700 AND ANN IMMEDIATELY EMAILS BACK. 412 00:15:54,700 --> 00:15:56,400 SHE'S LIKE, "WELL, I'M LOCAL. 413 00:15:56,400 --> 00:15:58,033 I'VE BEEN USING YOUR SITE MYSELF. 414 00:15:58,033 --> 00:15:59,666 I'VE BEEN USING IT WITH MY DAUGHTERS. 415 00:15:59,666 --> 00:16:02,700 I'D LOVE TO MEET AND FIND OUT MORE ABOUT WHAT YOU'RE DOING." 416 00:16:02,700 --> 00:16:04,700 AND SO I THINK IT WAS TWO OR THREE DAYS LATER, 417 00:16:04,700 --> 00:16:07,166 WE MET IN DOWNTOWN PALO ALTO ON UNIVERSITY AVENUE 418 00:16:07,166 --> 00:16:08,666 AT AN INDIAN BUFFET RESTAURANT, 419 00:16:08,666 --> 00:16:13,600 AND OVER LUNCH, ANN ASKS ME, "SO WHAT'S YOUR GOAL HERE?" 420 00:16:13,600 --> 00:16:15,966 AND I TOLD HER, YOU KNOW, WHEN YOU FILL OUT THE PAPERWORK 421 00:16:15,966 --> 00:16:18,033 TO BE A NOT-FOR-PROFIT WITH THE IRS, 422 00:16:18,033 --> 00:16:19,866 THERE'S A PART OF THE FORM THAT SAYS "MISSION:" 423 00:16:19,866 --> 00:16:21,766 AND THERE'S, LIKE, A LINE AND A HALF. 424 00:16:21,766 --> 00:16:24,700 AND I FILLED OUT "A FREE WORLD-CLASS EDUCATION 425 00:16:24,700 --> 00:16:26,566 FOR ANYONE ANYWHERE." 426 00:16:26,566 --> 00:16:28,900 AND ANN SAID, "THAT'S AMBITIOUS." 427 00:16:28,900 --> 00:16:29,933 [laughter] 428 00:16:29,933 --> 00:16:31,866 "HOW DO YOU SEE YOURSELF DOING THAT?" 429 00:16:31,866 --> 00:16:34,033 AND I TOLD HER, "I DON'T KNOW. THIS IS A MISSION STATEMENT. 430 00:16:34,033 --> 00:16:35,866 I DON'T EXPECT TO JUST CHECK IT OFF TOMORROW 431 00:16:35,866 --> 00:16:37,733 AND THEN MOVE ON TO HEALTH CARE OR SOMETHING." 432 00:16:37,733 --> 00:16:40,733 [laughter] 433 00:16:42,766 --> 00:16:44,666 "BUT I THINK WE CAN MAKE A LOT OF PROGRESS HERE." 434 00:16:44,666 --> 00:16:47,466 AND SO I SHOWED HER--I HAD A BIG STACK OF THESE LETTERS 435 00:16:47,466 --> 00:16:49,666 AND TESTIMONIALS THAT PEOPLE WERE SENDING. 436 00:16:49,666 --> 00:16:51,966 I SHOWED HER THE VIEWERSHIP FROM THE VIDEOS. 437 00:16:51,966 --> 00:16:54,966 I HAD ALL THESE SCREENSHOTS FROM THE SOFTWARE 438 00:16:54,966 --> 00:16:57,833 THAT I HAD BEEN--AND I WAS STILL WORKING ON FOR MY COUSINS, 439 00:16:57,833 --> 00:16:59,466 THE TEACHER TOOL KIT THAT HAD BEEN USED 440 00:16:59,466 --> 00:17:01,933 AT A COUPLE OF SUMMER CAMPS IN THIS AREA. 441 00:17:01,933 --> 00:17:03,833 AND SO ANN SAYS, "YOU KNOW, YOU'VE BEEN ABLE TO DO 442 00:17:03,833 --> 00:17:05,533 A SURPRISING AMOUNT 443 00:17:05,533 --> 00:17:07,633 WITH, IT SEEMS LIKE, VERY LITTLE RESOURCES. 444 00:17:07,633 --> 00:17:09,433 I HAVE ONE QUESTION. 445 00:17:09,433 --> 00:17:11,533 HOW ARE YOU SUPPORTING YOURSELF?" 446 00:17:11,533 --> 00:17:14,300 AND IN AS PROUD OF A WAY AS POSSIBLE, 447 00:17:14,300 --> 00:17:17,233 I SAID, "I'M NOT." [laughter] 448 00:17:17,233 --> 00:17:21,033 AND SO ANN KIND OF PROCESSES THAT, 449 00:17:21,033 --> 00:17:22,866 AND WE PART WAYS. 450 00:17:22,866 --> 00:17:24,700 AND TEN MINUTES LATER, I'M DRIVING INTO MY DRIVEWAY 451 00:17:24,700 --> 00:17:26,466 HERE IN MOUNTAIN VIEW, 452 00:17:26,466 --> 00:17:28,366 AND I GET A TEXT MESSAGE, AND IT'S FROM ANN. 453 00:17:28,366 --> 00:17:30,966 AND IT SAYS, "YOU REALLY NEED TO BE SUPPORTING YOURSELF. 454 00:17:30,966 --> 00:17:33,566 I'VE JUST WIRED YOU $100,000." 455 00:17:33,566 --> 00:17:35,833 SO THAT WAS A GOOD DAY. 456 00:17:35,833 --> 00:17:38,366 THAT WAS-- [laughter] 457 00:17:38,366 --> 00:17:40,033 AND FRANKLY, IT JUST GOT-- 458 00:17:40,033 --> 00:17:43,133 YOU KNOW, THE--CRAZIER AND CRAZIER SERIES OF EVENTS. 459 00:17:43,133 --> 00:17:46,566 ABOUT A MONTH LATER, THIS IS SUMMER OF 2010, 460 00:17:46,566 --> 00:17:49,266 I WAS RUNNING A LITTLE SUMMER CAMP IN PORTOLA VALLEY 461 00:17:49,266 --> 00:17:50,466 AT A MIDDLE SCHOOL, A VERY SMALL-- 462 00:17:50,466 --> 00:17:51,866 IT WAS ME AND A FRIEND. WE WERE-- 463 00:17:51,866 --> 00:17:53,366 AND IT WAS REALLY AROUND THIS IDEA OF, 464 00:17:53,366 --> 00:17:54,433 "HEY, I'M THIS VIRTUAL GUY. 465 00:17:54,433 --> 00:17:55,966 YOU CAN GET LECTURES ON DEMAND NOW. 466 00:17:55,966 --> 00:17:58,033 WHAT COULD YOU NOW DO WITH A PHYSICAL CLASSROOM?" 467 00:17:58,033 --> 00:17:59,700 I NEVER VIEWED THIS VIRTUAL STUFF 468 00:17:59,700 --> 00:18:01,300 AS SOMEHOW BEING A REPLACEMENT. 469 00:18:01,300 --> 00:18:03,133 I ALWAYS VIEWED IT AS LIBERATING THE PHYSICAL CLASSROOM. 470 00:18:03,133 --> 00:18:05,466 AND SO THE SUMMER CAMP WAS A WAY TO EXPERIMENT WITH THAT. 471 00:18:05,466 --> 00:18:07,500 AND WE HAD KIDS DOING DIALOGUE AND SIMULATIONS 472 00:18:07,500 --> 00:18:09,966 AND MAKING PROJECTS, AND WE WERE IN THE MIDDLE OF ONE-- 473 00:18:09,966 --> 00:18:11,666 IT WAS A BUNCH OF MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS-- 474 00:18:11,666 --> 00:18:13,133 IT WAS A SIMULATION THAT I CAME UP WITH. 475 00:18:13,133 --> 00:18:15,400 WE HAD SIX KIDS PLAYING A GAME OF RISK, 476 00:18:15,400 --> 00:18:17,200 WHILE THE OTHER 20 TRADED SECURITIES 477 00:18:17,200 --> 00:18:19,366 BASED ON THE OUTCOME OF THE GAME OF RISK. 478 00:18:19,366 --> 00:18:22,166 [laughter] IT'S A GOOD GAME. 479 00:18:22,166 --> 00:18:25,433 AND WHILE THAT WAS HAPPENING, 480 00:18:25,433 --> 00:18:27,800 ALL OF A SUDDEN, I START GETTING TEXT MESSAGES FROM ANN, 481 00:18:27,800 --> 00:18:29,800 WHICH YOU COULD IMAGINE I NOW TAKE VERY SERIOUSLY. 482 00:18:29,800 --> 00:18:31,466 [laughter] 483 00:18:31,466 --> 00:18:34,500 AND SO--AND IT WAS ACTUALLY HARD TO READ, 484 00:18:34,500 --> 00:18:35,700 'CAUSE THEY WERE DISJOINTED, 485 00:18:35,700 --> 00:18:37,866 AND IT WASN'T CLEAR WHICH CAME BEFORE WHICH, 486 00:18:37,866 --> 00:18:39,900 BUT THEY READ ALONG THE LINES OF, 487 00:18:39,900 --> 00:18:42,766 "I'M AT THE ASPEN IDEAS FESTIVAL IN ASPEN, COLORADO. 488 00:18:42,766 --> 00:18:46,433 I'M IN THE MAIN PAVILION. BILL GATES IS ONSTAGE. 489 00:18:46,433 --> 00:18:49,333 LAST FIVE MINUTES TALKING ABOUT KHAN ACADEMY." 490 00:18:49,333 --> 00:18:51,600 SO I DIDN'T KNOW WHAT TO MAKE OF THIS. 491 00:18:51,600 --> 00:18:53,433 SO I IMMEDIATELY BOOT THE NEAREST SEVENTH GRADER 492 00:18:53,433 --> 00:18:54,766 OFF OF A COMPUTER. [laughter] 493 00:18:54,766 --> 00:18:58,100 AND I START LOOKING FOR SOME EVIDENCE OF THIS EVENT 494 00:18:58,100 --> 00:18:59,633 THAT ANN IS TALKING ABOUT. 495 00:18:59,633 --> 00:19:00,866 AND IT TOOK ABOUT 20 MINUTES, 496 00:19:00,866 --> 00:19:02,233 AND I DID EVENTUALLY FIND THE FOOTAGE. 497 00:19:02,233 --> 00:19:04,100 IT WAS LITERALLY WALTER ISAACSON, 498 00:19:04,100 --> 00:19:06,466 HEAD OF THE ASPEN INSTITUTE, ONSTAGE WITH BILL GATES. 499 00:19:06,466 --> 00:19:09,133 AND HE ASKS BILL-- I CALL HIM BILL NOW-- 500 00:19:09,133 --> 00:19:10,766 [laughter] 501 00:19:10,766 --> 00:19:14,066 HE ASKS BILL, "WHAT ARE YOU EXCITED ABOUT?" 502 00:19:14,066 --> 00:19:16,566 AND HE JUST RANDOMLY STARTS GOING, "WELL, THERE'S THIS SITE, 503 00:19:16,566 --> 00:19:18,966 KHAN ACADEMY. I USE IT WITH MY KIDS. 504 00:19:18,966 --> 00:19:21,500 I USE IT MYSELF," AND HE WENT ON AND ON AND ON ABOUT IT. 505 00:19:21,500 --> 00:19:23,333 I MEAN, HE CLEARLY SPENT A SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF TIME 506 00:19:23,333 --> 00:19:24,800 WITH THE SITE. 507 00:19:24,800 --> 00:19:26,433 AND YOU COULD IMAGINE HOW I FELT. 508 00:19:26,433 --> 00:19:28,033 YOU KNOW, AT FIRST, THIS JUST FELT LIKE A DREAM. 509 00:19:28,033 --> 00:19:29,833 THIS WAS SURREAL. 510 00:19:29,833 --> 00:19:31,700 BUT THEN THE VERY NEXT IMPULSE, 511 00:19:31,700 --> 00:19:33,366 I ACTUALLY BECAME REALLY NERVOUS. 512 00:19:33,366 --> 00:19:35,300 I WAS LIKE, THOSE VIDEOS WERE FOR NADIA... 513 00:19:35,300 --> 00:19:38,333 [laughter] NOT BILL GATES. 514 00:19:38,333 --> 00:19:40,166 AND FRANKLY, I DIDN'T-- 515 00:19:40,166 --> 00:19:42,333 YOU KNOW, I WENT HOME THAT EVENING. 516 00:19:42,333 --> 00:19:43,400 I TOLD MY WIFE ABOUT IT. 517 00:19:43,400 --> 00:19:44,600 A COUPLE OF MY FRIENDS HEARD ABOUT IT 518 00:19:44,600 --> 00:19:46,666 AS, YOU KNOW, THEY EMAILED ME OR CALLED ME. 519 00:19:46,666 --> 00:19:49,000 AND THEN I--IT-- I WAS CONFUSED. 520 00:19:49,000 --> 00:19:50,166 YOU KNOW, WHAT DO I DO NOW? 521 00:19:50,166 --> 00:19:52,766 WHAT'S THE PROTOCOL? DO I CALL HIM? 522 00:19:52,766 --> 00:19:55,333 [laughter] I'M GUESSING HE'S NOT LISTED. 523 00:19:55,333 --> 00:19:59,100 AND THEY LEFT ME IN THAT LIMBO FOR ABOUT TWO WEEKS. 524 00:19:59,100 --> 00:20:01,433 TWO WEEKS LATER, I'M IN MY WALK-IN CLOSET, 525 00:20:01,433 --> 00:20:03,500 ABOUT TO RECORD A VIDEO. 526 00:20:03,500 --> 00:20:05,433 AND-- [laughter] 527 00:20:05,433 --> 00:20:09,033 AND CELL PHONE RINGS, AND IT'S A SEATTLE NUMBER. 528 00:20:09,033 --> 00:20:11,100 I ANSWER IT. "HELLO." 529 00:20:11,100 --> 00:20:14,300 "HI, THIS IS LARRY COHEN. I'M BILL GATES' CHIEF OF STAFF. 530 00:20:14,300 --> 00:20:16,466 YOU MIGHT HAVE HEARD THAT BILL'S A FAN." 531 00:20:16,466 --> 00:20:19,733 "YEAH, I'VE HEARD THAT." [laughter] 532 00:20:19,733 --> 00:20:24,300 "AND IF YOU'RE FREE IN THE NEXT FEW DAYS OR WEEKS, 533 00:20:24,300 --> 00:20:25,766 WE'D LOVE TO FLY YOU UP TO SEATTLE 534 00:20:25,766 --> 00:20:28,000 AND FIND OUT MORE ABOUT HOW WE MIGHT BE ABLE TO WORK TOGETHER 535 00:20:28,000 --> 00:20:30,100 OR POTENTIALLY SUPPORT WHAT YOU'RE DOING." 536 00:20:30,100 --> 00:20:32,433 AND I WAS LOOKING AT MY CALENDAR 537 00:20:32,433 --> 00:20:34,133 FOR THE MONTH-- 538 00:20:34,133 --> 00:20:36,133 COMPLETELY BLANK. [laughter] 539 00:20:36,133 --> 00:20:38,133 I SAID, YEAH, MAYBE NEXT WEDNESDAY 540 00:20:38,133 --> 00:20:39,866 AFTER CUTTING MY NAILS, MAYBE DO SOME LAUNDRY, 541 00:20:39,866 --> 00:20:43,533 BUT I THINK I CAN-- I THINK I CAN MEET BILL GATES. 542 00:20:43,533 --> 00:20:45,933 AND SO WE HAD THE MEETING. 543 00:20:45,933 --> 00:20:48,166 AND IT WAS ACTUALLY VERY SIMILAR TO THE MEETING WITH ANN. 544 00:20:48,166 --> 00:20:50,400 AND RIGHT AROUND THE SAME TIME, 545 00:20:50,400 --> 00:20:51,766 SOME FOLKS FROM GOOGLE REACHED OUT. 546 00:20:51,766 --> 00:20:53,133 AND I'VE TRIED TO SEE IF THERE WAS ANY CONNECTION, 547 00:20:53,133 --> 00:20:54,466 BUT THESE WERE ALL INDEPENDENT EVENTS. 548 00:20:54,466 --> 00:20:56,400 SOME FOLKS FROM GOOGLE REACHED OUT, 549 00:20:56,400 --> 00:20:58,100 AND THEY SAID, "HEY, I DON'T KNOW IF YOU KNOW, 550 00:20:58,100 --> 00:21:00,600 BUT A LOT OF THE TEAM HERE HAS BEEN USING KHAN ACADEMY 551 00:21:00,600 --> 00:21:02,400 WITH OUR CHILDREN. WE LOVE THE SITE. 552 00:21:02,400 --> 00:21:04,933 WE'D LOVE TO THINK ABOUT, YOU KNOW, WHAT YOU COULD DO 553 00:21:04,933 --> 00:21:06,633 IF YOU HAD MORE RESOURCES. 554 00:21:06,633 --> 00:21:08,333 SO, YOU KNOW, WHAT WOULD YOU DO IF YOU HAD-- 555 00:21:08,333 --> 00:21:10,533 WHAT WOULD YOU DO IF YOU HAD $2 MILLION?" 556 00:21:10,533 --> 00:21:13,300 AND I SAID, YOU KNOW, "IS THIS AN OPEN QUESTION?" 557 00:21:13,300 --> 00:21:14,300 [laughter] 558 00:21:14,300 --> 00:21:16,133 BUY NEW PANTS OR SOMETHING. NO. 559 00:21:16,133 --> 00:21:18,400 BUT I--VERY, VERY SIMILAR TO THAT CONVERSATION, 560 00:21:18,400 --> 00:21:20,800 SO ALL OF A SUDDEN, 2010, 561 00:21:20,800 --> 00:21:22,800 IT ALL--YOU KNOW, ALL THE STARS ALIGNED. 562 00:21:22,800 --> 00:21:25,566 AND THE GATES FOUNDATION AND GOOGLE WERE THE FIRST 563 00:21:25,566 --> 00:21:27,333 TO KIND OF REALLY ALLOW KHAN ACADEMY 564 00:21:27,333 --> 00:21:29,066 TO BECOME A REAL ORGANIZATION 565 00:21:29,066 --> 00:21:31,166 SO THAT WE COULD START HIRING OUR FIRST-- 566 00:21:31,166 --> 00:21:32,733 THE BEGINNINGS OF OUR TEAM 567 00:21:32,733 --> 00:21:34,966 AND THEN GET OFFICE SPACE, ET CETERA, ET CETERA. 568 00:21:34,966 --> 00:21:37,933 AND WHAT WE IMMEDIATELY STARTED, I GUESS YOU COULD SAY, 569 00:21:37,933 --> 00:21:39,566 INVESTING IN OR WORKING ON 570 00:21:39,566 --> 00:21:43,366 WAS THE INTERACTIVE MATH PART OF KHAN ACADEMY. 571 00:21:43,366 --> 00:21:45,766 AND WHAT YOU SEE HERE, THIS IS WHAT WE CALL OUR KNOWLEDGE MAP, 572 00:21:45,766 --> 00:21:47,466 AND IT'S NO LONGER OUR PRIMARY NAVIGATION INTERFACE 573 00:21:47,466 --> 00:21:48,766 ON KHAN ACADEMY. 574 00:21:48,766 --> 00:21:50,966 IT WAS BACK WHEN IT WAS BEING USED FOR MY COUSINS. 575 00:21:50,966 --> 00:21:52,100 BUT IT'S STILL THERE. 576 00:21:52,100 --> 00:21:53,966 BUT WE--I LIKE TO SHOW THIS BECAUSE IT SHOWS 577 00:21:53,966 --> 00:21:55,866 HOW WE THINK ABOUT MATHEMATICS. 578 00:21:55,866 --> 00:21:58,733 SO EACH OF THOSE CIRCLES THERE ARE A CONCEPT IN MATH, 579 00:21:58,733 --> 00:22:01,000 AND THE ONES AT THE TOP ARE BASIC MATHEMATICS. 580 00:22:01,000 --> 00:22:02,733 THEY'RE THINGS LIKE BASIC ARITHMETIC-- 581 00:22:02,733 --> 00:22:03,866 ONE PLUS ONE EQUALS TWO. 582 00:22:03,866 --> 00:22:05,700 AND AS YOU GO FURTHER AND FURTHER DOWN, 583 00:22:05,700 --> 00:22:09,366 IT GOES ALL THE WAY TO COLLEGE LEVEL STATISTICS AND CALCULUS, 584 00:22:09,366 --> 00:22:11,733 AND OUR GOAL IS TO JUST KEEP GOING ON AND ON AND ON 585 00:22:11,733 --> 00:22:13,533 AND EVENTUALLY INTO OTHER SUBJECTS, AS WELL. 586 00:22:13,533 --> 00:22:16,266 YOU SAW, THE VIDEOS ARE MUCH BROADER THAN JUST MATH. 587 00:22:16,266 --> 00:22:18,566 AND THE IDEA IS, ONCE A STUDENT SHOWS MASTERY 588 00:22:18,566 --> 00:22:20,033 IN A BASIC CONCEPT, 589 00:22:20,033 --> 00:22:21,666 IT THEN MOVES THEM ON TO A MORE ADVANCED CONCEPT. 590 00:22:21,666 --> 00:22:23,866 AND THOSE LINES SHOW THAT DEPENDENCY. 591 00:22:23,866 --> 00:22:25,133 AND AT SOME LEVEL, THAT'S COMMON SENSE. 592 00:22:25,133 --> 00:22:26,833 THAT'S THE WAY YOU WOULD PLAY A VIDEO GAME. 593 00:22:26,833 --> 00:22:29,266 YOU BEAT-- YOU KEEP TRYING ON LEVEL ONE 594 00:22:29,266 --> 00:22:31,800 UNTIL YOU BEAT THE LEVEL ONE BOSS, AND YOU GO TO LEVEL TWO. 595 00:22:31,800 --> 00:22:33,700 IT'S THE WAY YOU WOULD LEARN A MARTIAL ART. 596 00:22:33,700 --> 00:22:35,500 YOU KEEP PRACTICING THE WHITE BELT SKILLS, 597 00:22:35,500 --> 00:22:37,233 AND ONLY ONCE YOU'VE MASTERED WHITE BELT 598 00:22:37,233 --> 00:22:39,766 AND YOU PASS THE TEST, THEN YOU BECOME A YELLOW BELT. 599 00:22:39,766 --> 00:22:42,266 BUT WHAT WE ALWAYS POINT OUT-- THIS IS NOT THE WAY 600 00:22:42,266 --> 00:22:44,800 THAT A TRADITIONAL SCHOOL MODEL IS ARCHITECTED. 601 00:22:44,800 --> 00:22:47,166 A TRADITIONAL SCHOOL MODEL-- 602 00:22:47,166 --> 00:22:49,333 YOU GROUP STUDENTS TOGETHER, USUALLY BY AGE, 603 00:22:49,333 --> 00:22:51,633 AND THEN LATER BY AGE AND PERCEIVED ABILITY, 604 00:22:51,633 --> 00:22:53,200 BUT USUALLY BY AGE, 605 00:22:53,200 --> 00:22:55,300 AND THEN YOU MOVE THEM TOGETHER AT A SET PACE. 606 00:22:55,300 --> 00:22:57,033 AND WHAT HAPPENS IS, 607 00:22:57,033 --> 00:23:00,166 NORMALLY IN CLASS, MOST OF IT IS THE TEACHER LECTURING. 608 00:23:00,166 --> 00:23:02,033 AND THEN STUDENTS GO HOME, THEY DO HOMEWORK, 609 00:23:02,033 --> 00:23:03,600 THEN THE NEXT DAY YOU REVIEW HOMEWORK A LITTLE BIT 610 00:23:03,600 --> 00:23:05,533 AND MAYBE GET A LITTLE BIT MORE LECTURE. 611 00:23:05,533 --> 00:23:07,600 THEN YOU GO BACK, DO A LITTLE MORE HOMEWORK, 612 00:23:07,600 --> 00:23:09,700 AND THEN THAT CYCLE--HOMEWORK, LECTURE, HOMEWORK, LECTURE, 613 00:23:09,700 --> 00:23:12,200 HOMEWORK, LECTURE--CONTINUES FOR ABOUT TWO OR THREE WEEKS, 614 00:23:12,200 --> 00:23:14,033 AND THEN YOU HAVE AN EXAM. 615 00:23:14,033 --> 00:23:15,433 AND LET'S SAY THAT EXAM-- LET'S SAY THE UNIT 616 00:23:15,433 --> 00:23:17,733 THAT WE WERE WORKING ON WAS BASIC EXPONENTS, 617 00:23:17,733 --> 00:23:21,733 AND ON THAT EXAM, LET'S SAY I GET A 75%, YOU GET A 90%, 618 00:23:21,733 --> 00:23:23,500 YOU GET A 60%, 619 00:23:23,500 --> 00:23:26,933 AND EVEN THOUGH THE EXAM IDENTIFIED THOSE GAPS-- 620 00:23:26,933 --> 00:23:29,233 CLEAR, THE PERSON WHO GOT THE 60% 621 00:23:29,233 --> 00:23:30,900 DIDN'T KNOW 40% OF THE MATERIAL-- 622 00:23:30,900 --> 00:23:32,533 EVEN THOUGH IT IDENTIFIED IT-- EVEN THE "A" STUDENT 623 00:23:32,533 --> 00:23:34,200 WHO DIDN'T KNOW 5% OR 10% OF THE MATERIAL-- 624 00:23:34,200 --> 00:23:36,866 EVEN THOUGH THE ASSESSMENT IDENTIFIED THOSE GAPS, 625 00:23:36,866 --> 00:23:38,600 THE WHOLE CLASS THEN MOVES ON TO THE NEXT CONCEPT, 626 00:23:38,600 --> 00:23:41,033 SOMETHING THAT PROBABLY BUILDS ON THOSE GAPS, 627 00:23:41,033 --> 00:23:43,633 SAY, NEGATIVE EXPONENTS OR LOGARITHMS. 628 00:23:43,633 --> 00:23:45,433 AND TO PUT IT IN PERSPECTIVE, 629 00:23:45,433 --> 00:23:47,166 ON SOME LEVEL, HOW ABSURD THIS IS, 630 00:23:47,166 --> 00:23:49,866 IMAGINE IF WE DID OTHER THINGS IN OUR LIFE THAT WAY, 631 00:23:49,866 --> 00:23:51,200 SAY, HOME BUILDING. 632 00:23:51,200 --> 00:23:53,433 [laughter] 633 00:23:53,433 --> 00:23:56,500 SO YOU BRING THE CONTRACTOR IN, 634 00:23:56,500 --> 00:23:58,633 AND YOU SAY, "WELL, WE'VE BEEN TOLD WE HAVE THREE WEEKS 635 00:23:58,633 --> 00:24:01,400 TO BUILD A FOUNDATION. DO WHAT YOU CAN." 636 00:24:01,400 --> 00:24:02,733 [laughter] 637 00:24:02,733 --> 00:24:04,533 SO THE CONTRACTOR DOES WHAT THEY CAN-- 638 00:24:04,533 --> 00:24:06,766 MAYBE IT RAINS, MAYBE THE SUPPLIES DON'T SHOW UP, 639 00:24:06,766 --> 00:24:08,900 MAYBE SOME OF THE WORKERS FALL SICK. 640 00:24:08,900 --> 00:24:10,766 AND AFTER THREE WEEKS, YOU GET THE INSPECTOR. 641 00:24:10,766 --> 00:24:12,833 THE INSPECTOR COMES AND SAYS, "WELL, YOU KNOW, THE CONCRETE'S 642 00:24:12,833 --> 00:24:14,433 STILL WET AROUND THERE. 643 00:24:14,433 --> 00:24:15,700 THAT PART'S NOT QUITE UP TO CODE. 644 00:24:15,700 --> 00:24:17,700 I'LL GIVE IT AN 80%." 645 00:24:17,700 --> 00:24:19,366 SO GREAT, THAT'S A B-MINUS OR C-PLUS. 646 00:24:19,366 --> 00:24:21,666 LET'S BUILD THE FIRST FLOOR. [laughter] 647 00:24:21,666 --> 00:24:23,733 SAME PROCESS, "CONTRACTOR, WE HAVE ANOTHER THREE WEEKS. 648 00:24:23,733 --> 00:24:25,266 DO WHAT YOU CAN." 649 00:24:25,266 --> 00:24:27,600 AFTER THREE WEEKS, INSPECTOR COMES, "HEY, THAT'S A 90%." 650 00:24:27,600 --> 00:24:29,433 "OKAY, GREAT. LET'S BUILD THE SECOND FLOOR." 651 00:24:29,433 --> 00:24:31,500 AND YOU KEEP DOING THAT-- THIRD FLOOR, FOURTH FLOOR. 652 00:24:31,500 --> 00:24:32,700 AND THEN ALL OF A SUDDEN, WHILE YOU'RE BUILDING 653 00:24:32,700 --> 00:24:34,933 THE FOURTH FLOOR, THE WHOLE THING COLLAPSES. 654 00:24:34,933 --> 00:24:37,133 AND THE REACTION THAT PEOPLE TEND TO HAVE, 655 00:24:37,133 --> 00:24:38,966 OR IF WE HAVE THE SAME REACTION THAT PEOPLE OFTEN HAVE 656 00:24:38,966 --> 00:24:41,900 IN EDUCATION, THEY SAY, "OH, MAYBE IT WAS A BAD CONTRACTOR," 657 00:24:41,900 --> 00:24:44,666 OR, "MAYBE WE NEEDED BETTER INSPECTION 658 00:24:44,666 --> 00:24:46,233 OR MORE INSPECTION," AND WHO KNOWS? 659 00:24:46,233 --> 00:24:48,366 MAYBE THAT HAD SOME PART TO DO WITH IT. 660 00:24:48,366 --> 00:24:49,833 BUT THE REAL THING THAT IS GOING ON 661 00:24:49,833 --> 00:24:51,766 IS THAT THE PROCESS WAS ABSURD. 662 00:24:51,766 --> 00:24:53,200 YOU WERE ARTIFICIALLY CONSTRAINING 663 00:24:53,200 --> 00:24:55,333 HOW LONG YOU HAD TO WORK ON SOMETHING 664 00:24:55,333 --> 00:24:57,000 PRETTY MUCH ENSURING A VARIABLE OUTCOME, 665 00:24:57,000 --> 00:24:59,233 PRETTY MUCH ENSURING YOU WERE GOING TO HAVE GAPS. 666 00:24:59,233 --> 00:25:01,800 THEN YOU TAKE THE TROUBLE OF IDENTIFYING THOSE GAPS, 667 00:25:01,800 --> 00:25:04,400 BUT ONCE YOU'VE IDENTIFIED THEM, YOU JUST COMPLETELY IGNORE THEM, 668 00:25:04,400 --> 00:25:05,933 AND THEN YOU MOVE ON. 669 00:25:05,933 --> 00:25:07,700 AND SO WHAT WE SAY, INSTEAD OF HOLDING FIXED 670 00:25:07,700 --> 00:25:09,866 HOW LONG AND WHEN YOU LEARN SOMETHING 671 00:25:09,866 --> 00:25:12,266 AND PRETTY MUCH ENSURING A VARIABLE OUTCOME-- 672 00:25:12,266 --> 00:25:14,633 "A," "B," "C," "D," "F"-- DO IT THE OTHER WAY AROUND. 673 00:25:14,633 --> 00:25:18,266 HOLD FIXED THAT EVERY STUDENT SHOULD MASTER BASIC EXPONENTS, 674 00:25:18,266 --> 00:25:19,800 SHOULD GET TO THAT "A" LEVEL, 675 00:25:19,800 --> 00:25:21,466 AND THEN THE CONSTRAINT THAT GETS LOOSENED, 676 00:25:21,466 --> 00:25:22,866 THE VARIABLE CONSTRAINT, 677 00:25:22,866 --> 00:25:27,000 IS WHEN AND HOW LONG THEY GET TO LEARN THE MATERIAL. 678 00:25:27,000 --> 00:25:28,833 RIGHT WHEN WE STARTED, 679 00:25:28,833 --> 00:25:31,000 SOME LOCAL SCHOOL DISTRICTS, LOS ALTOS, ESPECIALLY, 680 00:25:31,000 --> 00:25:32,600 BUT THEN SHORTLY AFTER, MOUNTAIN VIEW 681 00:25:32,600 --> 00:25:33,966 AND OTHER LOCAL SCHOOL DISTRICTS 682 00:25:33,966 --> 00:25:36,766 AND THEN MANY AROUND THE COUNTRY AND WORLD, ACTUALLY, 683 00:25:36,766 --> 00:25:38,700 STARTED SAYING, "WELL, HOW COULD WE USE KHAN ACADEMY 684 00:25:38,700 --> 00:25:40,300 IN A CLASSROOM?" 685 00:25:40,300 --> 00:25:42,133 AND YOU KNOW, OUR POINT OF VIEW IS, 686 00:25:42,133 --> 00:25:44,833 WELL, THIS COULD FREE UP THIS WHOLE "ONE PACE FITS ALL." 687 00:25:44,833 --> 00:25:46,700 YOU COULD HAVE EVERY STUDENT LEARNING AT THEIR OWN PACE, 688 00:25:46,700 --> 00:25:48,500 MASTERING CONCEPTS. 689 00:25:48,500 --> 00:25:50,466 YOU KNOW, WE HAD ALREADY HAD SOME DASHBOARDS FOR TEACHERS, 690 00:25:50,466 --> 00:25:51,933 AND WE WERE WORKING ON MORE. 691 00:25:51,933 --> 00:25:53,666 AND THE IDEA--AND THIS IS-- THIS IS KIND OF-- 692 00:25:53,666 --> 00:25:56,500 WE STARTED SEEING THIS BEHAVIOR BY OBSERVING THESE CLASSROOMS-- 693 00:25:56,500 --> 00:25:59,100 IS THAT, YOU KNOW, EVEN THOUGH EVERY STUDENT IS LEARNING 694 00:25:59,100 --> 00:26:00,966 AT THEIR OWN PACE, 695 00:26:00,966 --> 00:26:03,500 IT WASN'T AN ISOLATED KIND OF LEARNING EXPERIENCE. 696 00:26:03,500 --> 00:26:05,233 IN FACT, IT BECAME MORE INTERACTIVE 697 00:26:05,233 --> 00:26:07,400 WHERE, YOU KNOW, THIS DASHBOARD THAT WE HAVE FOR TEACHERS 698 00:26:07,400 --> 00:26:09,900 KIND OF ENCAPSULATES HOW A CLASSROOM COULD RUN, 699 00:26:09,900 --> 00:26:12,233 WHERE EACH OF THESE COLUMNS ARE ONE OF THOSE CONCEPTS 700 00:26:12,233 --> 00:26:13,833 THAT YOU SAW ON THE KNOWLEDGE MAP. 701 00:26:13,833 --> 00:26:16,233 EACH OF THESE ROWS ARE A STUDENT IN THE CLASS. 702 00:26:16,233 --> 00:26:19,533 AND THEN THE DEPTH OF BLUE 703 00:26:19,533 --> 00:26:22,500 IS THE SYSTEM'S SENSE OF HOW WELL THE STUDENT UNDERSTANDS IT. 704 00:26:22,500 --> 00:26:25,600 AND THE RED STUDENTS ARE FLAGGED THAT THIS STUDENT SEEMS STUCK. 705 00:26:25,600 --> 00:26:27,066 AND SO AS A TEACHER, I COULD WALK IN, 706 00:26:27,066 --> 00:26:29,466 I COULD SAY, "OH, LOOK, A LOT OF THE STUDENTS SEEM FINE 707 00:26:29,466 --> 00:26:31,133 WITH SQUARE ROOTS OF PERFECT SQUARES, 708 00:26:31,133 --> 00:26:33,033 BUT THERE'S A COUPLE OF STUDENTS WHO ARE HAVING TROUBLE 709 00:26:33,033 --> 00:26:34,833 WITH SOLID GEOMETRY." 710 00:26:34,833 --> 00:26:37,166 EITHER I COULD DO A VERY FOCUSED INTERVENTION WITH THOSE STUDENTS 711 00:26:37,166 --> 00:26:39,066 WHILE LETTING EVERY OTHER STUDENT LEARN AT THEIR OWN PACE, 712 00:26:39,066 --> 00:26:42,266 OR EVEN BETTER, I CAN GET SOME OF THE PEERS TO HELP EACH OTHER. 713 00:26:42,266 --> 00:26:44,033 MAYBE SOME OF THE STUDENTS WHO HAVE MASTERED IT ALREADY. 714 00:26:44,033 --> 00:26:46,666 LOOK AT THE ADDED BENEFIT OF YOU LEARN IT EVEN DEEPER 715 00:26:46,666 --> 00:26:50,266 WHEN YOU EXPLAIN IT. 716 00:26:50,266 --> 00:26:53,933 THIS IS SOME DATA FROM A LOCAL CHARTER SCHOOL 717 00:26:53,933 --> 00:26:56,033 UP IN OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA. 718 00:26:56,033 --> 00:26:58,000 AND YOU KNOW, THIS IS, YOU KNOW-- 719 00:26:58,000 --> 00:26:59,733 AND I'LL CAVEAT THIS. 720 00:26:59,733 --> 00:27:01,133 I DON'T WANT TO GIVE ANYONE THE SENSE 721 00:27:01,133 --> 00:27:04,433 THAT YOU CAN JUST DROP KHAN ACADEMY INTO A CLASSROOM, 722 00:27:04,433 --> 00:27:05,933 AND ALL OF A SUDDEN, THE BUTTERFLIES WILL FLY 723 00:27:05,933 --> 00:27:07,900 AND THE FLOWERS WILL BLOOM. 724 00:27:07,900 --> 00:27:09,833 IT'S A TOOL, AND LIKE ALL TOOLS, 725 00:27:09,833 --> 00:27:12,766 IT'S GOING TO BE AS GOOD AS HOW IT'S BEING USED. 726 00:27:12,766 --> 00:27:15,433 AND, YOU KNOW, THE CREDIT TO WHAT I'M ABOUT TO TALK TO YOU 727 00:27:15,433 --> 00:27:17,633 IS REALLY--THE BULK OF IT GOES TO THE TEACHING STAFF, 728 00:27:17,633 --> 00:27:19,633 ESPECIALLY THEIR HEAD TEACHER, PETER MCINTOSH. 729 00:27:19,633 --> 00:27:21,666 BUT WHAT WAS EXCITING-- YOU KNOW, THIS WAS A-- 730 00:27:21,666 --> 00:27:24,233 THIS IS A NINTH GRADE ALGEBRA CLASSROOM. 731 00:27:24,233 --> 00:27:25,866 IT'S A CHARTER SCHOOL IN OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA. 732 00:27:25,866 --> 00:27:28,100 THEY'RE GETTING STUDENTS FROM THE LOCAL SCHOOL DISTRICT. 733 00:27:28,100 --> 00:27:29,700 MANY OF THESE STUDENTS, 734 00:27:29,700 --> 00:27:31,900 TWO, THREE, FOUR YEARS BEHIND GRADE LEVEL. 735 00:27:31,900 --> 00:27:33,533 SOME OF THESE STUDENTS DIDN'T KNOW 736 00:27:33,533 --> 00:27:36,700 THEIR MULTIPLICATION TABLES, DIDN'T KNOW BASIC ARITHMETIC. 737 00:27:36,700 --> 00:27:38,433 AND WHAT HAPPENED HERE IS-- 738 00:27:38,433 --> 00:27:40,633 YOU KNOW, THIS IS SOMETHING THAT PETER MCINTOSH ALWAYS BELIEVED, 739 00:27:40,633 --> 00:27:42,633 IS THAT THE WAY TO ADDRESS THAT IS TO LET THESE STUDENTS, 740 00:27:42,633 --> 00:27:44,266 EVEN IF THEY'RE IN ALGEBRA, 741 00:27:44,266 --> 00:27:46,100 MAKE SURE THAT THEY HAVE THAT STRONG FOUNDATION 742 00:27:46,100 --> 00:27:48,433 AND TRY TO GET THEM TO OWN THEIR OWN LEARNING, 743 00:27:48,433 --> 00:27:50,100 SET THEIR OWN GOALS, LEARN AT THEIR OWN PACE. 744 00:27:50,100 --> 00:27:52,600 AND HE WAS JUST LOOKING FOR A TOOL TO ALLOW HIM TO DO THAT. 745 00:27:52,600 --> 00:27:54,700 AND SO THIS CLASSROOM AND ACTUALLY EVEN 746 00:27:54,700 --> 00:27:56,166 THE YEAR BEFORE, EVEN, THIS SLIDE, 747 00:27:56,166 --> 00:27:58,566 IN 2010, THIS CLASSROOM WAS IN THE 22ND PERCENTILE 748 00:27:58,566 --> 00:28:00,133 IN THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA 749 00:28:00,133 --> 00:28:01,933 AMONGST NINTH GRADE ALGEBRA CLASSROOMS. 750 00:28:01,933 --> 00:28:03,400 AND THEN THIS PAST YEAR, 751 00:28:03,400 --> 00:28:05,333 THEY WERE JUST IN THE 99TH PERCENTILE 752 00:28:05,333 --> 00:28:06,833 IN THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA 753 00:28:06,833 --> 00:28:08,333 AMONGST NINTH GRADE ALGEBRA CLASSROOMS. 754 00:28:08,333 --> 00:28:10,200 I THINK THERE'S ONLY NINE CLASSROOMS IN THE STATE 755 00:28:10,200 --> 00:28:11,666 THAT OUTPERFORM THEM. 756 00:28:11,666 --> 00:28:14,800 AND WHAT'S BEEN NEAT ABOUT THIS-- 757 00:28:14,800 --> 00:28:16,600 I MEAN, OBVIOUSLY, YOU KNOW, EVERYONE ALWAYS TALKS 758 00:28:16,600 --> 00:28:19,266 ABOUT TEST SCORES, AND CLEARLY THE TEST SCORES WERE GOOD. 759 00:28:19,266 --> 00:28:21,266 BUT WHAT PETER MENTIONS IS, "LOOK, THE TEST SCORES-- 760 00:28:21,266 --> 00:28:23,566 THAT'S ALL NICE, AND MATH LEARNING IS NICE," 761 00:28:23,566 --> 00:28:25,166 BUT HE VIEWS THAT AS REALLY A PRETEXT, 762 00:28:25,166 --> 00:28:27,233 THAT THE MORE POWERFUL THING THAT HAPPENED IS 763 00:28:27,233 --> 00:28:29,200 THESE WERE STUDENTS WHO CAME IN DISENGAGED 764 00:28:29,200 --> 00:28:31,400 THINKING THAT THEY WEREN'T GOOD IN MATH, LIKE MY COUSIN, 765 00:28:31,400 --> 00:28:33,833 LIKE NADIA, AND THEY WERE VERY PASSIVE. 766 00:28:33,833 --> 00:28:35,233 "HEY, TEACHER, TELL ME HOW TO DO IT. 767 00:28:35,233 --> 00:28:37,466 WHAT DO I HAVE TO DO? DO I HAVE TO MEMORIZE THAT FOR THE EXAM?" 768 00:28:37,466 --> 00:28:39,300 THEY WOULD LOOK AT A PROBLEM FOR FIVE SECONDS AND SAY, 769 00:28:39,300 --> 00:28:41,666 "OH, I DON'T KNOW HOW TO DO THAT. I'M NOT GOOD IN MATH." 770 00:28:41,666 --> 00:28:43,600 BUT BY ALLOWING THEM TO MOVE AT THEIR OWN PACE 771 00:28:43,600 --> 00:28:45,533 AND BY ALLOWING THEM TO SET THEIR OWN GOALS 772 00:28:45,533 --> 00:28:48,500 AND REALLY KIND OF SHOWING THEM 773 00:28:48,500 --> 00:28:50,533 THAT MASTERY IS IMPORTANT, IT'S NOT ENOUGH 774 00:28:50,533 --> 00:28:52,533 TO JUST SUPERFICIALLY UNDERSTAND SOMETHING, 775 00:28:52,533 --> 00:28:55,033 IT GAVE THEM OWNERSHIP OVER THEIR OWN LEARNING. 776 00:28:55,033 --> 00:28:56,966 AND WHEN YOU GAVE THEM OWNERSHIP OVER THEIR OWN LEARNING, 777 00:28:56,966 --> 00:28:59,000 IT CHANGED THEIR MIND-SETS FOR THE REST OF THEIR LIFE. 778 00:28:59,000 --> 00:29:02,266 AND THAT OWNERSHIP IS PROBABLY A MORE IMPORTANT SKILL 779 00:29:02,266 --> 00:29:04,400 THAN ANY OF THE ALGEBRA, AND THAT PAYS DIVIDENDS, 780 00:29:04,400 --> 00:29:06,066 NOT JUST IN THE OTHER CLASSES, 781 00:29:06,066 --> 00:29:09,400 BUT OBVIOUSLY AS YOU GO INTO CAREERS AND WHATEVER ELSE. 782 00:29:09,400 --> 00:29:11,866 NOW, EVERYTHING THAT I'VE TALKED ABOUT SO FAR 783 00:29:11,866 --> 00:29:15,000 HAS BEEN KIND OF A-- 784 00:29:15,000 --> 00:29:18,466 WELL, THIS HAS BEEN THE CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT, 785 00:29:18,466 --> 00:29:21,000 BUT OBVIOUSLY, OUT OF THE 10 MILLION STUDENTS, 786 00:29:21,000 --> 00:29:22,166 NOT ALL OF THEM ARE IN CLASSROOMS. 787 00:29:22,166 --> 00:29:24,233 LIKE, 9 MILLION ARE JUST INDEPENDENT LEARNERS. 788 00:29:24,233 --> 00:29:26,533 AND THIS NEXT VIDEO IS A GOOD EXAMPLE 789 00:29:26,533 --> 00:29:29,100 OF JUST HOW MUCH POTENTIAL THERE IS OUT THERE 790 00:29:29,100 --> 00:29:33,066 IF WE JUST LET PEOPLE TAP INTO IT. 791 00:29:33,066 --> 00:29:36,666 - SO I ACTUALLY DROPPED OUT OF HIGH SCHOOL TWICE, 792 00:29:36,666 --> 00:29:39,633 BOTH DURING MY FRESHMAN YEAR. 793 00:29:39,633 --> 00:29:41,700 AND WHEN I EVENTUALLY CAME BACK, 794 00:29:41,700 --> 00:29:44,533 I WAS PUT IN, SORT OF, LOWER LEVEL MATH AND SCIENCE CLASSES 795 00:29:44,533 --> 00:29:47,666 BECAUSE I WAS SO BEHIND. 796 00:29:47,666 --> 00:29:50,266 THEN I DISCOVERED KHAN ACADEMY, 797 00:29:50,266 --> 00:29:52,600 AND I WAS ABLE TO SKIP TWO YEARS' WORTH OF MATH 798 00:29:52,600 --> 00:29:54,866 JUST THROUGH USING THE SITE. 799 00:29:54,866 --> 00:29:57,633 AND I CAME INTO SCHOOL, I TOOK THE EXAM 800 00:29:57,633 --> 00:29:59,633 WITH STUDENTS WHO HAD BEEN ENROLLED IN THE CLASS ALL YEAR, 801 00:29:59,633 --> 00:30:01,666 AND I WAS ACTUALLY ABLE TO GET THE HIGHEST 802 00:30:01,666 --> 00:30:05,933 OR THE SECOND HIGHEST SCORES IN THE CLASS. 803 00:30:05,933 --> 00:30:09,066 SO FOR ME, KHAN ACADEMY REALLY CHANGED THE TRAJECTORY 804 00:30:09,066 --> 00:30:10,800 OF MY ENTIRE LIFE, 805 00:30:10,800 --> 00:30:12,500 BECAUSE WITHOUT IT, 806 00:30:12,500 --> 00:30:14,766 I DON'T THINK I EVER REALLY WOULD HAVE BEEN INSPIRED 807 00:30:14,766 --> 00:30:18,400 TO LEARN AND TO LOVE MATH AND TO LOVE SCIENCE. 808 00:30:19,866 --> 00:30:22,000 I ENDED UP GRADUATING AS THE VALEDICTORIAN 809 00:30:22,000 --> 00:30:23,833 AND GOING ON TO PRINCETON, 810 00:30:23,833 --> 00:30:25,800 WHERE I'M NOW A COMPUTER SCIENCE MAJOR. 811 00:30:25,800 --> 00:30:29,333 AND I'M ABSOLUTELY PASSIONATE ABOUT LEARNING, 812 00:30:29,333 --> 00:30:32,500 ABOUT COMPUTERS, ABOUT MATH, ABOUT SCIENCE. 813 00:30:32,500 --> 00:30:33,933 AND WITHOUT KHAN ACADEMY, 814 00:30:33,933 --> 00:30:36,033 I DON'T THINK THAT THESE THINGS WOULD REALLY MATTER TO ME 815 00:30:36,033 --> 00:30:38,400 THE WAY THAT THEY DO TODAY. 816 00:30:38,400 --> 00:30:40,666 SO I'D JUST LIKE TO SAY A MASSIVE THANK-YOU 817 00:30:40,666 --> 00:30:44,600 TO EVERYONE AT KHAN ACADEMY, SAL AND THE TEAM. 818 00:30:44,600 --> 00:30:46,233 PLEASE KEEP DOING THE GOOD WORK THAT YOU'RE DOING 819 00:30:46,233 --> 00:30:49,166 BECAUSE YOU'RE REALLY CHANGING LIVES. 820 00:30:51,100 --> 00:30:54,100 - SO-- [applause] 821 00:30:56,566 --> 00:30:59,033 SO THIS ACTUALLY GOT EVEN MORE INTERESTING. 822 00:30:59,033 --> 00:31:00,533 SO WHEN WE FOUND OUT 823 00:31:00,533 --> 00:31:02,700 THAT CHARLIE IS A COMPUTER SCIENCE MAJOR, 824 00:31:02,700 --> 00:31:04,433 WE SAID, "YOU KNOW, WE HAVE INTERNSHIPS." 825 00:31:04,433 --> 00:31:06,500 [laughter] AND SO HE INTERVIEWED 826 00:31:06,500 --> 00:31:08,533 FOR THE INTERNSHIPS, AND HE DID VERY WELL IN THE INTERVIEW, 827 00:31:08,533 --> 00:31:10,500 ACTUALLY, SO WELL THAT A COUPLE OF PEOPLE WHO INTERVIEWED HIM 828 00:31:10,500 --> 00:31:12,166 SAID, LIKE, "WHO IS THIS GUY? YOU KNOW, HE'S REALLY JUST 829 00:31:12,166 --> 00:31:14,233 ROCKING ALL THE ROUNDS OF THE INTERVIEWS." 830 00:31:14,233 --> 00:31:15,700 AND I SAID, YOU KNOW, "WHY ARE YOU SURPRISED? 831 00:31:15,700 --> 00:31:16,900 WE EDUCATED HIM." 832 00:31:16,900 --> 00:31:18,233 [laughter] 833 00:31:18,233 --> 00:31:21,700 BUT HE ACTUALLY GOT OFFERED, ACCEPTED THE INTERVIEW, 834 00:31:21,700 --> 00:31:23,766 AND NOW HE'S INTERNING WITH US THIS SUMMER. 835 00:31:23,766 --> 00:31:26,833 AND HE'S ACTUALLY HERE, SO-- YEAH. YOU WANT TO STAND UP? 836 00:31:26,833 --> 00:31:29,633 ACTUALLY, CHARLIE, YOU WANT TO-- YEAH, YEAH, YEAH. 837 00:31:29,633 --> 00:31:32,633 [applause] 838 00:31:36,566 --> 00:31:38,433 THIS IS ACTUALLY THE FIRST TIME THAT I'M LIKE, 839 00:31:38,433 --> 00:31:40,933 "WAIT, CHARLIE'S IN THE ROOM. I SHOULD, LIKE"-- 840 00:31:40,933 --> 00:31:44,066 I'M ALWAYS--ACTUALLY, ALL THE PEOPLE AT KHAN ACADEMY, 841 00:31:44,066 --> 00:31:45,533 WHY DON'T YOU STAND UP, JUST SO EVERYONE-- 842 00:31:45,533 --> 00:31:48,466 WE HAVE A BUNCH OF INTERNS AND NEW FOLKS THAT WE ALL INVITED. 843 00:31:48,466 --> 00:31:51,466 SO AS YOU CAN-- [applause] 844 00:31:57,133 --> 00:31:59,100 AS YOU CAN TELL, I ALWAYS LIKE TO PACK THE AUDIENCE 845 00:31:59,100 --> 00:32:01,800 WITH FRIENDLY PEOPLE SO THAT I CAN 846 00:32:01,800 --> 00:32:04,000 MAXIMIZE THE-- 847 00:32:06,666 --> 00:32:07,933 SO THIS IS SOMETHING THAT SOME OF YOU ALL 848 00:32:07,933 --> 00:32:09,133 MIGHT HAVE HEARD ABOUT. 849 00:32:09,133 --> 00:32:11,166 COLLEGE BOARD, MAKERS OF THE S.A.T., 850 00:32:11,166 --> 00:32:13,433 ABOUT TWO MONTHS AGO ANNOUNCED THAT THEY'RE GONNA CREATE 851 00:32:13,433 --> 00:32:15,733 A NEW S.A.T. IN 2016 THAT'S MORE ALIGNED 852 00:32:15,733 --> 00:32:17,466 WITH WHAT STUDENTS ACTUALLY LEARN IN SCHOOL 853 00:32:17,466 --> 00:32:20,666 AND IS MORE CORRELATED WITH BEING PREPARED FOR COLLEGE. 854 00:32:20,666 --> 00:32:23,166 BUT AS PART OF THAT, THEY FINALLY RECOGNIZED 855 00:32:23,166 --> 00:32:25,900 WHAT EVERYONE HAS ALWAYS RECOGNIZED FOR MANY DECADES NOW, 856 00:32:25,900 --> 00:32:27,633 IS THAT THERE'S BEEN THIS PERCEIVED 857 00:32:27,633 --> 00:32:30,300 AND MAYBE ACTUAL INEQUITY IN PREPARING 858 00:32:30,300 --> 00:32:32,200 FOR THESE TYPES OF HIGH-STAKES TESTS. 859 00:32:32,200 --> 00:32:34,300 YOU HAVE THIS WHOLE MULTIBILLION-DOLLAR INDUSTRY 860 00:32:34,300 --> 00:32:36,466 AROUND TEST PREP THAT THE MIDDLE CLASS 861 00:32:36,466 --> 00:32:37,766 AND UPPER-MIDDLE CLASS CAN AFFORD, 862 00:32:37,766 --> 00:32:39,700 BUT THE PEOPLE WHO NEED IT THE MOST CAN'T. 863 00:32:39,700 --> 00:32:41,600 AND SO THEY DECIDED-- 864 00:32:41,600 --> 00:32:43,633 THEY'VE NEVER DONE ANYTHING LIKE THIS--TO PARTNER WITH US 865 00:32:43,633 --> 00:32:46,900 TO CREATE FREE TEST PREP. 866 00:32:46,900 --> 00:32:48,833 AND WHAT'S EXCITING ABOUT THIS 867 00:32:48,833 --> 00:32:51,166 ON BOTH SIDES OF THE RELATIONSHIP IS, 868 00:32:51,166 --> 00:32:53,666 YOU KNOW, THE REASON WHY THEY PARTNERED WITH US 869 00:32:53,666 --> 00:32:55,800 IS BECAUSE THEY DIDN'T-- THEY WANTED TO DO TEST PREP 870 00:32:55,800 --> 00:32:57,333 ON A MUCH DEEPER LEVEL. 871 00:32:57,333 --> 00:32:59,066 IT'S HISTORICALLY BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH 872 00:32:59,066 --> 00:33:02,166 FAMILIARITY WITH EXAMS, HERE ARE SOME TEST-TAKING STRATEGIES, 873 00:33:02,166 --> 00:33:04,300 HERE'S HOW YOU GUESS, HERE'S HOW YOU CRAM. 874 00:33:04,300 --> 00:33:06,033 BUT THEY RECOGNIZE THAT WE'RE NOT ABOUT THAT. 875 00:33:06,033 --> 00:33:08,166 YOU KNOW, WE'RE LITERALLY ABOUT BUILDING YOUR FOUNDATIONS, 876 00:33:08,166 --> 00:33:10,666 MASTERING CONCEPTS, NOT SOMEHOW COVERING 877 00:33:10,666 --> 00:33:12,300 YOUR SUPERFICIAL WEAKNESSES. 878 00:33:12,300 --> 00:33:14,100 AND SO WHAT WE'RE GONNA BE BUILDING TOGETHER-- 879 00:33:14,100 --> 00:33:15,833 AND IT'S A VERY, VERY CLOSE RELATIONSHIP-- 880 00:33:15,833 --> 00:33:19,066 IS, YOU KNOW, NOT JUST FREE TEST PREP, 881 00:33:19,066 --> 00:33:21,700 BUT LITERALLY THE BEST TEST PREP THAT HAPPENS TO BE FREE, 882 00:33:21,700 --> 00:33:24,433 AND NOT JUST ABOUT FAMILIARITY WITH EXAMS 883 00:33:24,433 --> 00:33:26,666 OR WHAT YOU DO IN THE WEEK OR TWO BEFORE THE EXAM. 884 00:33:26,666 --> 00:33:29,500 BUT WHEREVER YOU ARE, HOWEVER YOU START, 885 00:33:29,500 --> 00:33:30,966 WHATEVER AGE YOU ARE, WE CAN GET YOU 886 00:33:30,966 --> 00:33:33,866 TO WHATEVER KNOWLEDGE STATE THAT YOU WANT TO GET TO. 887 00:33:35,833 --> 00:33:39,166 WE ALSO HAVE A PARTNERSHIP WITH NASA, 888 00:33:39,166 --> 00:33:40,700 WHICH I THOUGHT WOULD BE FUN TO MENTION HERE. 889 00:33:40,700 --> 00:33:44,966 [applause] THIS IS-- 890 00:33:44,966 --> 00:33:47,033 SO THERE'S A WHOLE SERIES OF CONTENT 891 00:33:47,033 --> 00:33:49,033 ON KHAN ACADEMY NOW, 892 00:33:49,033 --> 00:33:51,966 SIMULATIONS AND VIDEOS ON, YOU KNOW-- 893 00:33:51,966 --> 00:33:54,333 AND I HAD DONE A WHOLE SERIES ON COSMOLOGY EVEN BEFORE, 894 00:33:54,333 --> 00:33:56,466 BUT NOW, WE HAVE SOME REAL NASA CONTENT 895 00:33:56,466 --> 00:33:58,266 ON, YOU KNOW, HOW TO-- YOU KNOW, MISSION TO MARS, 896 00:33:58,266 --> 00:34:00,133 HOW DO YOU FIGURE OUT HOW FAR A STAR AWAY-- 897 00:34:00,133 --> 00:34:01,866 A STAR IS AND THINGS LIKE THAT. 898 00:34:01,866 --> 00:34:05,400 SO THERE'S A, YOU KNOW, VERY, VERY EXCITING PARTNERSHIP. 899 00:34:05,400 --> 00:34:06,633 OBVIOUSLY, TO SOME DEGREE-- 900 00:34:06,633 --> 00:34:09,466 I MEAN, I WAS JUST SPEAKING TO THE FOLKS HERE, 901 00:34:09,466 --> 00:34:12,166 YOU KNOW, NASA'S MISSION IS-- YOU KNOW, 902 00:34:12,166 --> 00:34:13,866 IT'S OBVIOUSLY ABOUT EXPLORING SPACE, 903 00:34:13,866 --> 00:34:16,466 BUT IT'S ALSO ABOUT EDUCATING, ESPECIALLY IN STEM, 904 00:34:16,466 --> 00:34:18,466 TO MAKE SURE THAT WE HAVE THE TALENT 905 00:34:18,466 --> 00:34:20,866 SO THAT WE CAN EXPLORE SPACE. 906 00:34:23,100 --> 00:34:24,966 SO EVERYTHING I'VE TALKED ABOUT SO FAR 907 00:34:24,966 --> 00:34:26,766 HAS BEEN THE WORLD THAT MOST OF US LIVE IN, 908 00:34:26,766 --> 00:34:28,766 THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING WORLD, THE DEVELOPED WORLD. 909 00:34:28,766 --> 00:34:30,733 MANY OF YOU ALL MIGHT BE THINKING, 910 00:34:30,733 --> 00:34:32,366 WELL, YOU KNOW, WHAT ABOUT THE REST OF THE PLANET? 911 00:34:32,366 --> 00:34:35,000 MAYBE THEY COULD EVEN BENEFIT MORE FROM SOMETHING LIKE THIS. 912 00:34:35,000 --> 00:34:37,766 AND, YOU KNOW, AS EARLY AS 2007, 913 00:34:37,766 --> 00:34:40,933 THERE WERE FOLKS TAKING KHAN ACADEMY ON, 914 00:34:40,933 --> 00:34:43,900 YOU KNOW, THE VIDEOS OR SOMETIMES EVEN THE SOFTWARE, 915 00:34:43,900 --> 00:34:45,266 AND TAKING THEM ALL OVER THE WORLD 916 00:34:45,266 --> 00:34:47,166 ON THUMB DRIVES AND SOMETIMES ON COMPUTERS 917 00:34:47,166 --> 00:34:49,033 AND MAYBE SOMETIMES SETTING UP BROADBAND, 918 00:34:49,033 --> 00:34:51,333 AND ALL OF THESE ARE PICTURES OF THOSE OTHER GROUPS, 919 00:34:51,333 --> 00:34:53,266 OTHER NOT-FOR-PROFITS, OTHER NGOs, 920 00:34:53,266 --> 00:34:55,966 SOMETIMES GOVERNMENTS, TAKING KHAN ACADEMY OUT TO THE WORLD. 921 00:34:55,966 --> 00:34:58,800 SO THESE ARE ALL KIDS USING KHAN ACADEMY IN RANDOM PLACES. 922 00:34:58,800 --> 00:35:01,500 AND THEY'RE EACH PRETTY INCREDIBLE STORIES, 923 00:35:01,500 --> 00:35:03,500 BUT PROBABLY THE MOST INCREDIBLE ONE 924 00:35:03,500 --> 00:35:05,300 IS THE ONE ON THE TOP RIGHT. 925 00:35:05,300 --> 00:35:07,300 YOU KNOW, I USED TO GIVE TALKS LIKE THIS AND JOKE THAT, 926 00:35:07,300 --> 00:35:09,733 YOU KNOW, "MAYBE ONE DAY THIS WILL BE USED IN MONGOLIA," 927 00:35:09,733 --> 00:35:11,633 JUST IMAGINING THE FURTHEST PLACE ON THE PLANET, 928 00:35:11,633 --> 00:35:14,566 AND THEN A FEW MONTHS LATER, I GET A LETTER FROM MONGOLIA. 929 00:35:14,566 --> 00:35:16,566 AND IT'S THE YOUNG WOMAN ON THE TOP RIGHT. 930 00:35:16,566 --> 00:35:19,033 HER NAME'S ZAYA, AND, YOU KNOW, SHE HAD A-- 931 00:35:19,033 --> 00:35:21,300 AN EMAIL AND THEN A LINK TO A VIDEO, 932 00:35:21,300 --> 00:35:24,000 AND HER VIDEO IS VERY SIMILAR TO CHARLIE'S, 933 00:35:24,000 --> 00:35:25,133 SAYING HOW SHE LIKED KHAN ACADEMY. 934 00:35:25,133 --> 00:35:26,933 IT REALLY HELPED HER IN MATH. 935 00:35:26,933 --> 00:35:28,333 AND IT WAS-- IT WAS A COOL VIDEO, 936 00:35:28,333 --> 00:35:30,166 BUT I IMMEDIATELY ASSUMED THAT SHE MUST BE MIDDLE CLASS 937 00:35:30,166 --> 00:35:32,266 OR UPPER-MIDDLE CLASS. HER ENGLISH WAS QUITE GOOD. 938 00:35:32,266 --> 00:35:34,500 SHE HAD ACCESS TO THE INTERNET AND A COMPUTER. 939 00:35:34,500 --> 00:35:37,333 BUT THEN I READ THE TEXT OF THE EMAIL MORE CAREFULLY, 940 00:35:37,333 --> 00:35:39,433 AND IT TURNED OUT THAT THERE WAS A GROUP OF ENGINEERS 941 00:35:39,433 --> 00:35:41,100 FROM CISCO SYSTEMS 942 00:35:41,100 --> 00:35:43,033 THAT WERE USING THEIR VACATION TIME 943 00:35:43,033 --> 00:35:45,866 TO GO TO MONGOLIA AND SET UP COMPUTER LABS 944 00:35:45,866 --> 00:35:48,266 WITH BROADBAND IN ORPHANAGES. 945 00:35:48,266 --> 00:35:50,666 AND SO WHAT YOU SEE IN THE TOP RIGHT THERE, 946 00:35:50,666 --> 00:35:53,600 THOSE ARE THE ACTUAL ORPHAN GIRLS USING KHAN ACADEMY, 947 00:35:53,600 --> 00:35:57,033 AND ZAYA WAS--IS--WAS ONE OF THOSE ORPHAN GIRLS. 948 00:35:57,033 --> 00:35:58,500 AND THAT, BY ITSELF, WAS, LIKE, 949 00:35:58,500 --> 00:36:00,233 YOU KNOW, SOMETHING OUT OF A SCIENCE FICTION BOOK, 950 00:36:00,233 --> 00:36:03,600 BUT IT GOT EVEN MORE INCREDIBLE, BECAUSE ZAYA THEN WENT ON 951 00:36:03,600 --> 00:36:06,200 TO BECOME ONE OF THE TOP CONTRIBUTORS OF CONTENT 952 00:36:06,200 --> 00:36:08,300 IN THE MONGOLIAN LANGUAGE. 953 00:36:08,300 --> 00:36:10,100 AND SO IT'S, YOU KNOW-- I GUESS IT'S VERY SIMILAR 954 00:36:10,100 --> 00:36:11,766 TO CHARLIE'S STORY THAT, YOU KNOW, HOPEFULLY, SHE BENEFITTED. 955 00:36:11,766 --> 00:36:14,466 THEN SHE'S ABLE TO CONTRIBUTE TO HELP THE NEXT GENERATION 956 00:36:14,466 --> 00:36:16,566 OF LEARNERS HERE. 957 00:36:18,533 --> 00:36:21,800 WE'RE, ACTIVELY, TO BE ABLE TO REACH MORE AND MORE PEOPLE 958 00:36:21,800 --> 00:36:24,400 AROUND THE WORLD, TRANSLATING THE WHOLE PLATFORM, 959 00:36:24,400 --> 00:36:26,000 NOT JUST THE VIDEOS, BUT THE EXERCISES, 960 00:36:26,000 --> 00:36:28,866 THE DASHBOARDS, EVERYTHING TO THE WORLD'S MAJOR LANGUAGES. 961 00:36:28,866 --> 00:36:30,633 THIS IS THE SPANISH VERSION OF KHAN ACADEMY, 962 00:36:30,633 --> 00:36:33,266 WHICH WE LAUNCHED IN THIS PAST FALL. 963 00:36:33,266 --> 00:36:35,533 WE'VE RECENTLY LAUNCHED BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE. 964 00:36:35,533 --> 00:36:37,400 WE'RE LAUNCHING SOON TURKISH AND FRENCH, 965 00:36:37,400 --> 00:36:38,966 AND OUR GOAL OVER TIME 966 00:36:38,966 --> 00:36:40,766 IS TO DO ALL OF THE WORLD'S MAJOR LANGUAGES. 967 00:36:40,766 --> 00:36:42,766 AND TO GET A FEELING FOR WHAT SOME OF THIS-- 968 00:36:42,766 --> 00:36:45,133 AT LEAST THE VIDEO CONTENT FEELS LIKE IN OTHER LANGUAGES, 969 00:36:45,133 --> 00:36:48,300 I'LL SHOW YOU THIS NEXT VIDEO. 970 00:36:48,300 --> 00:36:51,800 [woman speaking Spanish] 971 00:36:51,800 --> 00:36:53,866 [woman speaking French] 972 00:36:53,866 --> 00:36:56,233 [woman speaking Mandarin] 973 00:36:56,233 --> 00:36:59,700 [man speaking Hindi-Urdu] 974 00:36:59,700 --> 00:37:02,600 [man speaking Arabic] 975 00:37:02,600 --> 00:37:05,266 [man speaking Farsi] 976 00:37:05,266 --> 00:37:08,333 [man speaking Hebrew] 977 00:37:08,333 --> 00:37:11,300 [woman speaking Swahili] 978 00:37:11,300 --> 00:37:14,566 [woman speaking Xhosa] 979 00:37:14,566 --> 00:37:17,533 [man speaking Turkish] 980 00:37:17,533 --> 00:37:20,300 [man speaking Portuguese] 981 00:37:32,366 --> 00:37:33,833 - I WATCH THAT WHENEVER I GET LAZY. 982 00:37:33,833 --> 00:37:37,033 [laughter] 983 00:37:37,033 --> 00:37:38,900 SO THESE ARE JUST MORE PICTURES OF KHAN ACADEMY. 984 00:37:38,900 --> 00:37:40,900 I MEAN, WE GET SENT THESE ALMOST EVERY DAY 985 00:37:40,900 --> 00:37:45,033 OF PICTURES ALL OVER THE WORLD OF PEOPLE USING KHAN ACADEMY. 986 00:37:45,033 --> 00:37:46,933 AND, YOU KNOW, WHAT I ALWAYS TELL FOLKS-- 987 00:37:46,933 --> 00:37:48,866 I TELL THIS TO THE TEAM ALMOST ON A WEEKLY BASIS. 988 00:37:48,866 --> 00:37:50,400 I TELL IT TO OUR SUPPORTERS. 989 00:37:50,400 --> 00:37:51,766 I TELL IT TO ALL OUR STAKEHOLDERS, 990 00:37:51,766 --> 00:37:53,166 AND ONCE AGAIN, YOU KNOW, YOU SAW SOME OF OUR TEAM. 991 00:37:53,166 --> 00:37:54,466 WE'RE NOW--YOU KNOW, 992 00:37:54,466 --> 00:37:56,300 EVEN IN THE SUMMER, WE'RE 60 FULL-TIME PEOPLE 993 00:37:56,300 --> 00:37:59,400 AND 20-SOMETHING INTERNS. WE'VE HAD HUNDREDS, 994 00:37:59,400 --> 00:38:01,400 ACTUALLY THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE HELP VOLUNTEER 995 00:38:01,400 --> 00:38:04,233 IN TERMS OF HELP SUBTITLE AND GO OUT INTO THE FIELD. 996 00:38:04,233 --> 00:38:06,133 OBVIOUSLY, THERE'S HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF TEACHERS 997 00:38:06,133 --> 00:38:07,833 PART OF THIS, AND WHAT I TELL EVERYONE 998 00:38:07,833 --> 00:38:09,333 WHO'S KIND OF INVOLVED 999 00:38:09,333 --> 00:38:11,600 OR NOT INVOLVED EVEN, IS THAT, YOU KNOW, 1000 00:38:11,600 --> 00:38:14,266 YOU HEAR THE TERM ONCE-IN- A-LIFETIME OPPORTUNITY A LOT, 1001 00:38:14,266 --> 00:38:16,166 BUT IN MY MIND, IT'S MUCH MORE THAN THAT. 1002 00:38:16,166 --> 00:38:17,533 IT'S ACTUALLY MUCH CLOSER 1003 00:38:17,533 --> 00:38:21,100 TO A ONCE-IN-A-MILLENNIUM OPPORTUNITY WHERE, YOU KNOW, 1004 00:38:21,100 --> 00:38:23,400 WE'RE CLEARLY AT THIS INFLECTION POINT IN HISTORY, 1005 00:38:23,400 --> 00:38:27,633 PROBABLY ONE THAT'S BIGGER THAN THE PRINTING PRESS, 1006 00:38:27,633 --> 00:38:29,266 BIGGER THAN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, 1007 00:38:29,266 --> 00:38:31,933 AND PROBABLY WOULD RIVAL THE ADVENT OF WRITING 1008 00:38:31,933 --> 00:38:34,033 OR THE ADVENT OF AGRICULTURE. 1009 00:38:34,033 --> 00:38:35,900 AND WHENEVER YOU HAVE THESE NEW INFLECTION POINTS, 1010 00:38:35,900 --> 00:38:38,900 IT RAISES NEW PROBLEMS BUT ALSO NEW OPPORTUNITIES. 1011 00:38:38,900 --> 00:38:40,933 AND TO TAKE IT-- TO SOLVE THOSE PROBLEMS, 1012 00:38:40,933 --> 00:38:44,166 IT ALSO KIND OF BRINGS ABOUT NEW INSTITUTIONS. 1013 00:38:44,166 --> 00:38:45,633 AND IT WAS KIND OF A DELUSIONAL DREAM 1014 00:38:45,633 --> 00:38:48,966 WHEN I WAS A GUY OPERATING IN A CLOSET HERE IN MOUNTAIN VIEW, 1015 00:38:48,966 --> 00:38:50,300 BUT NOW IT SEEMS A LITTLE BIT LESS DELUSIONAL, 1016 00:38:50,300 --> 00:38:51,900 THAT OUR HOPE IS THAT KHAN ACADEMY 1017 00:38:51,900 --> 00:38:54,333 CAN BE AN INSTITUTION THAT, OVER THE NEXT DECADE, 1018 00:38:54,333 --> 00:38:57,800 50 YEARS, YOU KNOW, 100 YEARS, 500 YEARS, 1019 00:38:57,800 --> 00:39:00,533 CAN TAKE THIS THING CALLED EDUCATION 1020 00:39:00,533 --> 00:39:02,900 AND, YOU KNOW, THIS THING THAT'S FUNDAMENTALLY BEEN SCARCE, 1021 00:39:02,900 --> 00:39:04,433 THAT'S FUNDAMENTALLY BEEN THE DETERMINANT 1022 00:39:04,433 --> 00:39:07,166 BETWEEN THOSE WHO SUCCEED AND THOSE WHO DON'T 1023 00:39:07,166 --> 00:39:09,100 AND MAKE IT MORE UBIQUITOUS, 1024 00:39:09,100 --> 00:39:11,900 LIKE CLEAN DRINKING WATER AND SHELTER, 1025 00:39:11,900 --> 00:39:14,300 AND REALLY, JUST A FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHT. 1026 00:39:14,300 --> 00:39:15,833 THANK YOU. 1027 00:39:15,833 --> 00:39:18,600 [applause] 1028 00:39:36,966 --> 00:39:39,666 - SO WE HAVE TIME FOR A FEW QUESTIONS. 1029 00:39:39,666 --> 00:39:41,933 IF YOU HAVE A QUESTION, PLEASE RAISE YOUR HAND. 1030 00:39:41,933 --> 00:39:45,433 WAIT FOR THE MICROPHONE, AND WHEN YOU GET IT, STAND UP. 1031 00:39:45,433 --> 00:39:47,333 THANK YOU. 1032 00:39:47,333 --> 00:39:48,800 - I HAVE A QUESTION BACK HERE, SAL. 1033 00:39:48,800 --> 00:39:50,966 HELLO. HI, SAL. - OH, YES. 1034 00:39:50,966 --> 00:39:54,033 - SO I HAVE A QUESTION ABOUT THE DISCONNECT 1035 00:39:54,033 --> 00:39:56,133 BETWEEN WHAT WE'RE TEACHING PEOPLE... 1036 00:39:56,133 --> 00:39:58,033 - MM-HMM. - AND WHAT WE-- 1037 00:39:58,033 --> 00:40:00,100 WHAT PEOPLE ACTUALLY DO IN THE REAL WORLD. 1038 00:40:00,100 --> 00:40:01,733 - YEAH. - AND SO ONE OF THE RESTRICTIONS 1039 00:40:01,733 --> 00:40:04,866 IS, I'M SURE YOU WELL KNOW, IS THAT WE HAVE TO HAVE THINGS 1040 00:40:04,866 --> 00:40:06,800 THAT WE CAN MEASURE WHEN WE'RE IN SCHOOL. 1041 00:40:06,800 --> 00:40:09,666 SO WE HAVE THIS SORT OF MONITORY, 1042 00:40:09,666 --> 00:40:12,733 HOW DO YOU DECIDE IF YOU'VE SUCCEEDED OR FAILED? 1043 00:40:12,733 --> 00:40:14,266 BUT WHEN YOU GO INTO THE REAL WORLD, 1044 00:40:14,266 --> 00:40:16,333 IT'S QUITE A DIFFERENT STORY, AND YOU WELL KNOW THAT, RIGHT? 1045 00:40:16,333 --> 00:40:17,333 - YEAH. - AND DEPENDING 1046 00:40:17,333 --> 00:40:18,900 ON YOUR PROFESSION, 1047 00:40:18,900 --> 00:40:21,533 YOU HAVE TO HAVE SOME VERY DIFFERENT TOOLS. 1048 00:40:21,533 --> 00:40:23,800 AND MANY TIMES, IT'S SOCIAL TOOLS, 1049 00:40:23,800 --> 00:40:26,233 RATHER THAN THE KIND OF EDUCATIONAL TOOLS 1050 00:40:26,233 --> 00:40:28,333 THAT WE LEARN IN OUR SCHOOLS. 1051 00:40:28,333 --> 00:40:29,566 I'M SURE YOU'RE WELL AWARE OF THIS, 1052 00:40:29,566 --> 00:40:32,466 AND I JUST WANTED TO HEAR YOU SPEAK ABOUT IT. 1053 00:40:32,466 --> 00:40:33,866 - YEAH. NO, YOU'RE ABSOLUTELY RIGHT. 1054 00:40:33,866 --> 00:40:36,233 YOU'RE ABSOLUTELY RIGHT, AND, YOU KNOW, 1055 00:40:36,233 --> 00:40:37,633 THE WAY I THINK ABOUT IT-- 1056 00:40:37,633 --> 00:40:39,800 AND I'VE WRITTEN A LITTLE BIT ABOUT THIS IN MY BOOK-- 1057 00:40:39,800 --> 00:40:44,066 IS, YOU KNOW, EDUCATION IS THIS HUGE SPECTRUM OF THINGS. 1058 00:40:44,066 --> 00:40:46,200 THAT, YOU KNOW, AT THIS END RIGHT OVER HERE, 1059 00:40:46,200 --> 00:40:47,900 I GUESS YOU COULD THINK OF YOUR MOST ROTE THINGS-- 1060 00:40:47,900 --> 00:40:49,466 THIS IS YOUR MULTIPLICATION TABLES 1061 00:40:49,466 --> 00:40:51,400 AND YOUR GRAMMAR AND YOUR VOCABULARY-- 1062 00:40:51,400 --> 00:40:52,933 AND THEN AS YOU GO FURTHER AND FURTHER IN THIS DIRECTION, 1063 00:40:52,933 --> 00:40:54,266 IT BECOMES MORE AND MORE OPEN-ENDED. 1064 00:40:54,266 --> 00:40:57,833 THIS IS CREATIVITY. THIS IS COMMUNICATION SKILLS. 1065 00:40:57,833 --> 00:40:59,866 THIS IS DEALING WITH COMPLEXITY. 1066 00:40:59,866 --> 00:41:02,300 AND, YOU KNOW, FOR BETTER OR FOR WORSE, 1067 00:41:02,300 --> 00:41:04,500 PROBABLY BECAUSE OF EXACTLY THE REASON YOU POINT OUT, 1068 00:41:04,500 --> 00:41:06,200 BECAUSE OF ITS MEASURABILITY, 1069 00:41:06,200 --> 00:41:08,800 THE TRADITIONAL SYSTEM HAS BEEN FOCUSED RIGHT HERE. 1070 00:41:08,800 --> 00:41:10,066 IT'S--YOU KNOW, NOT JUST ON ROTE THINGS. 1071 00:41:10,066 --> 00:41:11,600 IT'S DONE SOME MORE OPEN-ENDED THINGS, 1072 00:41:11,600 --> 00:41:13,800 BUT IT'S, FOR THE MOST PART, THIS SPECTRUM RIGHT OVER HERE, 1073 00:41:13,800 --> 00:41:15,733 KIND OF SQUEEZING OUT TIME FOR SOME OF THE STUFF 1074 00:41:15,733 --> 00:41:17,433 THAT MIGHT BE EVEN MORE IMPORTANT, 1075 00:41:17,433 --> 00:41:19,200 BUT IT'S VERY HARD TO MEASURE. 1076 00:41:19,200 --> 00:41:21,266 AND SO, YOU KNOW, WHEN WE ENVISION 1077 00:41:21,266 --> 00:41:23,466 WHAT THE SCHOOL OF THE FUTURE SHOULD LOOK LIKE, 1078 00:41:23,466 --> 00:41:26,133 IS YOU TACKLE A LOT OF WHAT I WOULD CALL 1079 00:41:26,133 --> 00:41:28,233 YOUR FOUNDATIONAL, YOUR CORE LEARNING-- 1080 00:41:28,233 --> 00:41:30,133 AND EVEN THERE, I AGREE, IT'S COMPLETELY UP FOR DEBATE. 1081 00:41:30,133 --> 00:41:32,466 SHOULD YOU BE LEARNING CALCULUS INSTEAD OF STATISTICS? 1082 00:41:32,466 --> 00:41:35,266 SHOULD YOU BE LEARNING, YOU KNOW, CIVICS AND LAW? 1083 00:41:35,266 --> 00:41:37,800 IT'S NOT PART OF THE TRADITIONAL CURRICULUM. 1084 00:41:37,800 --> 00:41:41,700 BUT THAT CORE FOUNDATION YOU CAN GET MORE EFFICIENTLY 1085 00:41:41,700 --> 00:41:43,366 THROUGH SOMETHING LIKE-- 1086 00:41:43,366 --> 00:41:45,433 THROUGH SOMETHING LIKE A KHAN ACADEMY-- 1087 00:41:45,433 --> 00:41:47,900 LEARNING AT YOUR OWN PACE, LEARNING AT YOUR OWN TIME. 1088 00:41:47,900 --> 00:41:49,733 BUT WHAT THE GOAL IS, IS IT REALLY SHOULD FREE UP 1089 00:41:49,733 --> 00:41:52,800 MOST OF THE CLASS DAY, MOST OF YOUR LEARNING EXPERIENCE, 1090 00:41:52,800 --> 00:41:56,366 TO BE FOCUSED ON BEING ABLE TO, YOU KNOW, DEAL-- 1091 00:41:56,366 --> 00:41:59,400 YOU KNOW, WORK ON A PROJECT, DO SOCRATIC DIALOGUE, 1092 00:41:59,400 --> 00:42:00,800 DEALING WITH COMPLEXITY, WHATEVER IT MIGHT BE. 1093 00:42:00,800 --> 00:42:02,066 AND FRANKLY, THOSE ARE THE THINGS 1094 00:42:02,066 --> 00:42:04,100 THAT I THINK PEOPLE SHOULD BE EVALUATED ON. 1095 00:42:04,100 --> 00:42:05,433 YOU KNOW, WHERE ARE YOU? 1096 00:42:05,433 --> 00:42:07,833 AND IF, IN MY MIND, THE CREDENTIAL OF THE FUTURE 1097 00:42:07,833 --> 00:42:09,600 IS GOING TO LOOK LIKE-- AND I MEAN, THE REALITY IS, 1098 00:42:09,600 --> 00:42:10,833 IT'S ALREADY THE CREDENTIAL OF TODAY, 1099 00:42:10,833 --> 00:42:12,533 IT'S JUST NEVER BEEN RECOGNIZED. 1100 00:42:12,533 --> 00:42:14,333 YES, YOUR TEST SCORES AND STUFF, THEY'RE, YOU KNOW-- 1101 00:42:14,333 --> 00:42:16,266 THEY'RE A MEASURE OF YOUR CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS 1102 00:42:16,266 --> 00:42:18,200 AND YOUR READING COMPREHENSION SKILLS AND WHATEVER ELSE, 1103 00:42:18,200 --> 00:42:21,000 BUT THAT'S ONLY ONE PART OF WHO YOU ARE. 1104 00:42:21,000 --> 00:42:23,066 THE MORE IMPORTANT PARTS ARE YOUR PORTFOLIO OF WORK 1105 00:42:23,066 --> 00:42:24,733 THAT YOU'VE CREATED. 1106 00:42:24,733 --> 00:42:26,533 SO YOU KNOW, RIGHT NOW, IF YOU'RE AN ARCHITECT OR DESIGNER, 1107 00:42:26,533 --> 00:42:28,433 THEY WALK AROUND WITH A PORTFOLIO. 1108 00:42:28,433 --> 00:42:30,300 I THINK--IN FACT, I THINK THAT IT IS ALREADY TRUE 1109 00:42:30,300 --> 00:42:31,533 OF ALMOST ANY CAREER. 1110 00:42:31,533 --> 00:42:32,633 I'VE TOLD, YOU KNOW, SOME OF MY COUSINS 1111 00:42:32,633 --> 00:42:34,366 WHO ARE NOW, YOU KNOW, IN COLLEGE, 1112 00:42:34,366 --> 00:42:35,933 I SAID, "LOOK, YOU KNOW, GET GOOD GRADES, 1113 00:42:35,933 --> 00:42:38,266 HAVE A--GET A GOOD DEGREE, BUT THE WORK YOU CREATE, 1114 00:42:38,266 --> 00:42:40,666 DOCUMENT IT, BECAUSE THAT'S GOING TO IMPRESS PEOPLE MORE." 1115 00:42:40,666 --> 00:42:42,166 EVEN WHEN WE'RE HIRING AT KHAN ACADEMY, 1116 00:42:42,166 --> 00:42:43,933 WE'RE MORE IMPRESSED IF WE CAN SEE PEOPLE'S WORK. 1117 00:42:43,933 --> 00:42:47,033 AND THEN THE OTHER ASPECT IS PEER FEEDBACK. 1118 00:42:47,033 --> 00:42:48,133 WHAT DID YOUR PEERS THINK OF YOU, 1119 00:42:48,133 --> 00:42:49,266 WHAT DID YOUR LEADERS THINK OF YOU, 1120 00:42:49,266 --> 00:42:51,500 WHAT DID YOUR SUBORDINATES THINK OF YOU 1121 00:42:51,500 --> 00:42:52,633 WHEN THEY WORKED WITH YOU? 1122 00:42:52,633 --> 00:42:54,666 SO I COMPLETELY AGREE THAT 1123 00:42:54,666 --> 00:42:57,400 THE HOPE IS NOT TO JUST KIND OF GET INTO THIS REDUCTIONIST, 1124 00:42:57,400 --> 00:42:58,733 YOU KNOW, CORE SKILLS WORLD, 1125 00:42:58,733 --> 00:43:01,266 BUT TO LET--BUT IF WE CAN TACKLE THAT MORE EFFICIENTLY 1126 00:43:01,266 --> 00:43:04,233 TO BROADEN HOW WE EVALUATE PEOPLE. 1127 00:43:04,233 --> 00:43:06,600 - I HAVE A FOLLOW-ON QUESTION THAT DIRECTLY RELATES 1128 00:43:06,600 --> 00:43:08,466 TO WHAT YOU JUST SAID. 1129 00:43:08,466 --> 00:43:11,000 YOU'RE GOING INTERNATIONAL, 1130 00:43:11,000 --> 00:43:13,666 WHICH MEANS TOTALLY CROSS-CULTURAL. 1131 00:43:13,666 --> 00:43:14,866 - YEAH. - AND YOU'RE CREATING 1132 00:43:14,866 --> 00:43:18,000 AN INTERNATIONAL, A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE 1133 00:43:18,000 --> 00:43:21,700 ON WHAT CONSTITUTES AN EDUCATED PERSON. 1134 00:43:21,700 --> 00:43:25,200 HAVE YOU BEEN LOOKING INTO THE CULTURES OF MONGOLIA 1135 00:43:25,200 --> 00:43:27,700 AND ALL OF ASIA, WHICH ARE LONG-ESTABLISHED CULTURES... 1136 00:43:27,700 --> 00:43:30,000 - YEAH. - AND CONSIDERING 1137 00:43:30,000 --> 00:43:32,433 THE IMPLICATIONS CULTURALLY? 1138 00:43:32,433 --> 00:43:33,933 AND I DON'T MEAN ON A RELIGIOUS SENSE. 1139 00:43:33,933 --> 00:43:35,133 - YEAH, YEAH. NO, ABSOLUTELY. 1140 00:43:35,133 --> 00:43:37,533 SO, YOU KNOW, I THINK THE GENERAL IDEA 1141 00:43:37,533 --> 00:43:40,733 IS, YOU KNOW, THE GOOD THING IS, MATH IS NOT THAT, 1142 00:43:40,733 --> 00:43:42,366 YOU KNOW, DIFFERENT FROM-- 1143 00:43:42,366 --> 00:43:44,366 YOU KNOW, OBVIOUSLY, THEY MIGHT USE DIFFERENT NOTATION, 1144 00:43:44,366 --> 00:43:47,100 DIFFERENT WORDS FOR THINGS, BUT THERE'S A LOT OF AGREEMENT. 1145 00:43:47,100 --> 00:43:49,233 THAT'S NOT A LOT--IT DOES BECOME MORE OF AN ISSUE 1146 00:43:49,233 --> 00:43:52,366 AS WE GO INTO SUBJECTIVE SUBJECTS, ESPECIALLY HISTORY. 1147 00:43:52,366 --> 00:43:53,733 AND WE EVEN-- YOU KNOW, I DID A-- 1148 00:43:53,733 --> 00:43:55,900 A FEW YEARS AGO, THERE WAS AN ARTICLE 1149 00:43:55,900 --> 00:43:57,600 THAT CAME OUT ABOUT-- YOU KNOW, THE CIA 1150 00:43:57,600 --> 00:44:01,533 LITERALLY PUBLISHED DOCUMENTS ABOUT THEIR INTERVENTION 1151 00:44:01,533 --> 00:44:03,333 IN CHILE TO KIND OF-- 1152 00:44:03,333 --> 00:44:05,600 WITH THE ALLENDE REGIME, AND I THOUGHT THIS WAS FASCINATING. 1153 00:44:05,600 --> 00:44:07,400 I THOUGHT, WELL, THIS WOULD MAKE A GOOD VIDEO. 1154 00:44:07,400 --> 00:44:09,200 SO I LITERALLY WENT TO THE PRIMARY DOCUMENTS, 1155 00:44:09,200 --> 00:44:11,333 TALKED ABOUT IT, UPLOADED IT, 1156 00:44:11,333 --> 00:44:13,200 TRYING TO BE AS OBJECTIVE AS POSSIBLE, 1157 00:44:13,200 --> 00:44:15,333 TELLING PEOPLE, "LOOK, YOU KNOW, EVERYONE'S GOT A BIAS, 1158 00:44:15,333 --> 00:44:17,133 SO BE SKEPTICAL." AND IMMEDIATELY, 1159 00:44:17,133 --> 00:44:18,966 A LOT OF AMERICANS WOULD SAY, "HEY, THIS WAS A GOOD VIDEO." 1160 00:44:18,966 --> 00:44:20,533 SOME SAID, "OH, YOU COULD HAVE BEEN A LITTLE BIT-- 1161 00:44:20,533 --> 00:44:21,866 YOU KNOW, IT WAS THE COLD WAR. YOU COULD HAVE BEEN-- 1162 00:44:21,866 --> 00:44:24,133 GIVE A LITTLE BIT MORE CREDIT TO THE CONTEXT." 1163 00:44:24,133 --> 00:44:25,866 BUT THEN SOME CHILEAN STUDENTS CAME ON AND SAID, 1164 00:44:25,866 --> 00:44:29,800 "YOU ARE AN IMPERIALIST PIG. YOU HAVE WHITEWASHED HISTORY. 1165 00:44:29,800 --> 00:44:32,266 MY UNCLE DIED IN THAT INTERVENTION. 1166 00:44:32,266 --> 00:44:33,900 THIS IS WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENED." 1167 00:44:33,900 --> 00:44:35,666 AND MY INITIAL REACTION WAS LIKE, "WOW, YOU KNOW, 1168 00:44:35,666 --> 00:44:37,833 THIS DIDN'T HAPPEN ON THE ALGEBRA VIDEOS." 1169 00:44:37,833 --> 00:44:39,833 [laughter] 1170 00:44:39,833 --> 00:44:42,366 AND IT ALSO DIDN'T HAPPEN IN THE HISTORY CLASSES 1171 00:44:42,366 --> 00:44:44,700 THAT I WAS A PART OF, GROWING UP. 1172 00:44:44,700 --> 00:44:46,366 BUT THEN THE QUESTION IS, WELL, WHY DIDN'T IT HAPPEN 1173 00:44:46,366 --> 00:44:48,666 IN THE HISTORY CLASSES? 'CAUSE IN A TRADITIONAL-- 1174 00:44:48,666 --> 00:44:50,400 YOU KNOW, IN A TRADITIONAL HISTORY CLASS, 1175 00:44:50,400 --> 00:44:52,800 YOU KNOW, ROOM LIKE THIS, THE PROFESSOR SAYS WHAT THEY SAY, 1176 00:44:52,800 --> 00:44:55,333 AND PEOPLE TAKE NOTES, AND THEY KIND OF FEED IT BACK 1177 00:44:55,333 --> 00:44:57,633 TO THE PROFESSOR ON THE EXAM. 1178 00:44:57,633 --> 00:44:59,833 AND SO I THINK ONE OF THE BEAUTY-- 1179 00:44:59,833 --> 00:45:01,566 ONE OF THE BEAUTIFUL THINGS ABOUT THE INTERNET 1180 00:45:01,566 --> 00:45:04,066 IS HOW TRANSPARENT IT IS. 1181 00:45:04,066 --> 00:45:06,466 AND YOU CAN'T GET AWAY WITH EXTREME BIAS, 1182 00:45:06,466 --> 00:45:08,233 BECAUSE SOMEONE'S GOING TO CALL YOU ON THAT. 1183 00:45:08,233 --> 00:45:12,233 WITH THAT SAID, I THINK IT'S GOING TO BE, ESPECIALLY HISTORY, 1184 00:45:12,233 --> 00:45:14,400 YOU KNOW, THERE'S A WHOLE SET OF KIND OF HOT-BUTTON ISSUES 1185 00:45:14,400 --> 00:45:15,766 THROUGHOUT THE WORLD THAT WE'RE-- 1186 00:45:15,766 --> 00:45:17,200 YOU KNOW, WE DON'T WANT TO-- OVER THE LONG-TERM, 1187 00:45:17,200 --> 00:45:18,633 WE DEFINITELY DON'T WANT TO SHY AWAY FROM THEM 1188 00:45:18,633 --> 00:45:20,866 BECAUSE WE THINK PEOPLE--YOU KNOW, THIS WILL HELP THE WORLD 1189 00:45:20,866 --> 00:45:22,700 IF MORE PEOPLE ARE JUST AWARE OF-- 1190 00:45:22,700 --> 00:45:23,900 BUT WE WANT TO DO IT IN AN OBJECTIVE 1191 00:45:23,900 --> 00:45:27,733 AND AS KIND OF A RESPECTFUL WAY AS POSSIBLE. 1192 00:45:27,733 --> 00:45:29,866 - I'M A FAIRLY NEW PARENT. 1193 00:45:29,866 --> 00:45:31,866 I HAVE A 2 1/2-YEAR-OLD DAUGHTER, 1194 00:45:31,866 --> 00:45:34,733 AND SHE LOVES YOUTUBE ON THE IPAD, 1195 00:45:34,733 --> 00:45:37,300 AND WE HAVE TO DOLE IT OUT AS A REWARD 1196 00:45:37,300 --> 00:45:39,933 FOR CERTAIN THINGS TO HER TO GET HER TO EAT 1197 00:45:39,933 --> 00:45:42,566 AND TO DO OTHER THINGS. [laughter] 1198 00:45:42,566 --> 00:45:45,033 SO SCREEN TIME'S A BIG ISSUE FOR PARENTS. 1199 00:45:45,033 --> 00:45:48,533 AND THEN IT DAWNED ON ME, WHY AM I HOOKING HER INTO YOUTUBE? 1200 00:45:48,533 --> 00:45:52,566 I SHOULD BE, NOW, HOOKING HER INTO KHAN ACADEMY. 1201 00:45:52,566 --> 00:45:55,300 - YOU'RE A TIGER DAD. - [laughs] 1202 00:45:55,300 --> 00:45:58,866 SO I WANTED TO HEAR ANY STORIES OF THE YOUNGEST KIDS 1203 00:45:58,866 --> 00:46:02,833 WHO ARE USING KHAN ACADEMY AND WHAT AGE THEY START OFF. 1204 00:46:02,833 --> 00:46:05,833 AND THEN ALSO, IF YOU YOURSELF HAVE KIDS 1205 00:46:05,833 --> 00:46:08,400 AND IF YOU JUST TELL 'EM, HEY, GO AND-- 1206 00:46:08,400 --> 00:46:10,033 - YES. - GO GET HELP FROM THE INTERNET 1207 00:46:10,033 --> 00:46:12,033 WITH YOUR HOMEWORK. - YES. 1208 00:46:12,033 --> 00:46:14,200 SO I DO HAVE KIDS. I HAVE A FIVE-YEAR-OLD, 1209 00:46:14,200 --> 00:46:16,500 A THREE-YEAR-OLD, AND A NEGATIVE THREE-MONTH-OLD. 1210 00:46:16,500 --> 00:46:18,333 [laughter] 1211 00:46:18,333 --> 00:46:22,900 A FEW PEOPLE WILL-- [applause] 1212 00:46:22,900 --> 00:46:25,233 IT'S NOT HARD TO DO. ANYWAY... 1213 00:46:25,233 --> 00:46:28,966 [laughter] 1214 00:46:28,966 --> 00:46:31,866 THE--SO, I MEAN, 1215 00:46:31,866 --> 00:46:33,766 SO MY VIEW ON SCREEN TIME, 1216 00:46:33,766 --> 00:46:35,533 I MEAN, A LOT OF PEOPLE ASK ME ABOUT THIS, 1217 00:46:35,533 --> 00:46:37,466 AND IT ACTUALLY-- IT WAS FUNNY. 1218 00:46:37,466 --> 00:46:39,366 I WAS ONCE IN A MEETING OF KIND OF THESE ED LEADERS, 1219 00:46:39,366 --> 00:46:41,066 AND BILL GATES WAS THERE. 1220 00:46:41,066 --> 00:46:42,500 AND YOU KNOW, A BUNCH OF PEOPLE STARTED GOING ON 1221 00:46:42,500 --> 00:46:44,100 THE WHOLE SCREEN TIME ISSUE AND THEY'RE LIKE, 1222 00:46:44,100 --> 00:46:46,533 "IS IT HEALTHY FOR KIDS TO JUST STARE AT SOMETHING? 1223 00:46:46,533 --> 00:46:48,166 YOU KNOW, EVEN IF THEY'RE LEARNING A LOT, 1224 00:46:48,166 --> 00:46:50,300 IS IT JUST HEALTHY FOR THEM TO STARE AT IT FOR, YOU KNOW, 1225 00:46:50,300 --> 00:46:51,700 AN HOUR AT A TIME, EVEN IF THEY'RE"-- 1226 00:46:51,700 --> 00:46:53,233 AND THEN BILL GATES-- 1227 00:46:53,233 --> 00:46:55,000 I MEAN, I DON'T KNOW IF HE MEANT TO BE FUNNY, 1228 00:46:55,000 --> 00:46:56,833 BUT HE SAYS, "YOU MEAN LIKE A BOOK?" 1229 00:46:56,833 --> 00:46:58,400 AND THEY'RE LIKE, "OH, THAT'S A GOOD POINT." 1230 00:46:58,400 --> 00:47:01,400 YOU KNOW, BUT I THINK THERE'S A REAL THING THERE. 1231 00:47:01,400 --> 00:47:03,966 LIKE, I MEAN, I--AND FOR ME, I DON'T THINK OF IT FROM, 1232 00:47:03,966 --> 00:47:05,633 LIKE, WHAT IS THE LIMIT? 1233 00:47:05,633 --> 00:47:07,333 YOU KNOW, WHAT'S THE MAXIMUM TIME OR MINIMUM TIME 1234 00:47:07,333 --> 00:47:08,700 OR ANYTHING LIKE THAT. 1235 00:47:08,700 --> 00:47:11,700 I THINK OF IT MUCH MORE OF, LIKE, IF IT'S-- 1236 00:47:11,700 --> 00:47:14,000 AS LONG AS THE KID IS GETTING THE OTHER IMPORTANT ASPECTS 1237 00:47:14,000 --> 00:47:15,633 OF THEIR LIFE, THEN THINGS ARE GOOD. 1238 00:47:15,633 --> 00:47:17,866 IF THEY'RE SPENDING A COUPLE OF HOURS A DAY OUTSIDE 1239 00:47:17,866 --> 00:47:20,766 GETTING TO RUN AROUND, IF THEY ARE GETTING A COUPLE HOURS A DAY 1240 00:47:20,766 --> 00:47:22,500 INTERACTING WITH PEERS, YOU KNOW, OR MAYBE THEIR SAME AGE 1241 00:47:22,500 --> 00:47:24,833 OR ABOVE AND BELOW A LITTLE BIT, 1242 00:47:24,833 --> 00:47:26,266 IF THEY'RE GETTING SEVERAL HOURS A DAY 1243 00:47:26,266 --> 00:47:27,866 WHERE THEY'RE HAVING QUALITY TIME WITH A PARENT 1244 00:47:27,866 --> 00:47:31,200 JUST PLAYING AND IMAGINING AND DOING THINGS, 1245 00:47:31,200 --> 00:47:33,366 THEN, YOU KNOW-- THEN I THINK IT'S FINE. 1246 00:47:33,366 --> 00:47:36,700 IT'S--BUT IF THEY HAVE NO SCREEN TIME, 1247 00:47:36,700 --> 00:47:38,166 BUT THEY ALSO DON'T GET TO GO OUTSIDE 1248 00:47:38,166 --> 00:47:40,733 AND THEY DON'T GET QUALITY TIME, THEN I THINK IT'S-- 1249 00:47:40,733 --> 00:47:42,966 YOU KNOW, THAT'S THE WORST OF ALL THE WORLDS. 1250 00:47:42,966 --> 00:47:45,700 SO I THINK THAT'S THE--YOU KNOW, AS LONG AS THEY GET 1251 00:47:45,700 --> 00:47:47,366 A BROAD MIX, AND ONCE AGAIN, YOU KNOW, 1252 00:47:47,366 --> 00:47:49,033 WHEN WE IMAGINE WHAT THE SCHOOLS OF THE FUTURE LOOK LIKE, 1253 00:47:49,033 --> 00:47:50,833 WHEN WE SEE THE BEST IMPLEMENTATIONS, 1254 00:47:50,833 --> 00:47:52,800 THE KIDS ARE OUTSIDE MORE THAN THEY WERE 1255 00:47:52,800 --> 00:47:55,500 IN KIND OF A NON-TECHNOLOGY ENABLED WORLD. 1256 00:47:55,500 --> 00:47:56,866 THEY'RE INTERACTING WITH EACH OTHER MORE 1257 00:47:56,866 --> 00:47:58,833 THAN THEY DID IN A TRADITIONAL CLASSROOM 1258 00:47:58,833 --> 00:48:00,533 WHERE THEY WERE KIND OF JUST, YOU KNOW, LISTENING 1259 00:48:00,533 --> 00:48:02,033 AND TAKING NOTES. 1260 00:48:02,033 --> 00:48:05,066 IN TERMS OF YOUNGEST, 1261 00:48:05,066 --> 00:48:07,033 I MEAN, YOU KNOW, I WOULD SAY, RIGHT NOW, 1262 00:48:07,033 --> 00:48:09,466 KHAN ACADEMY, DEFINITELY WE'VE SEEN IT RESONATE WELL 1263 00:48:09,466 --> 00:48:11,766 WITH KIND OF MID TO LATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL. 1264 00:48:11,766 --> 00:48:13,900 WE HAVE JUST LAUNCHED SOME EARLY LEARNING CONTENT. 1265 00:48:13,900 --> 00:48:15,966 I WILL SAY THAT, YOU KNOW, IT'S STILL LEVERAGING THE INTERFACE 1266 00:48:15,966 --> 00:48:18,200 OF THE STUFF THAT'S BEING USED BY MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS 1267 00:48:18,200 --> 00:48:20,366 AND HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS, SO IT'S NOT PERFECT. 1268 00:48:20,366 --> 00:48:21,966 AND WE ARE-- YOU KNOW, WE JUST BROUGHT ON 1269 00:48:21,966 --> 00:48:24,400 SOME INCREDIBLE PEOPLE TO REALLY THINK ABOUT IT 1270 00:48:24,400 --> 00:48:26,466 IN KIND OF A MOBILE ENVIRONMENT, 'CAUSE OBVIOUSLY, 1271 00:48:26,466 --> 00:48:29,166 ESPECIALLY FOR, YOU KNOW, FOLKS YOUR DAUGHTER'S AGE, 1272 00:48:29,166 --> 00:48:30,966 YOU KNOW, BUT EVERY NOW AND THEN, 1273 00:48:30,966 --> 00:48:33,766 I'VE ENCOUNTERED, YOU KNOW, A PARENT WHO'S-- 1274 00:48:33,766 --> 00:48:36,266 YOU KNOW, HAS A FIVE-YEAR-OLD OR SOMETHING WHO USES IT. 1275 00:48:36,266 --> 00:48:37,766 BUT I MEAN, THAT MAKES ME INSECURE, 1276 00:48:37,766 --> 00:48:40,333 'CAUSE MY SON WASN'T ON IT, AND YOU KNOW-- 1277 00:48:40,333 --> 00:48:42,266 AND ANYWAY, I'M TRYING NOT TO PROJECT TOO MUCH. 1278 00:48:42,266 --> 00:48:44,833 WE WERE AT--ACTUALLY, AT WHOLE FOODS THE OTHER DAY, 1279 00:48:44,833 --> 00:48:46,833 AND SOMEONE RECOGNIZED ME-- ME AND MY SON-- 1280 00:48:46,833 --> 00:48:48,566 HE LIKES TAKING RIDES IN ELEVATORS, 1281 00:48:48,566 --> 00:48:50,700 SO WE WERE, LIKE, ON OUR FIFTH RIDE. 1282 00:48:50,700 --> 00:48:52,966 AND SOMEONE SAID, "OH, KHAN ACADEMY." 1283 00:48:52,966 --> 00:48:54,000 HE'S LIKE, "IS THIS YOUR SON?" 1284 00:48:54,000 --> 00:48:55,500 I WAS LIKE, "YEAH, THIS IS MY SON." 1285 00:48:55,500 --> 00:48:57,833 - HE WAS LIKE, "OH, YOU MUST BE SO GOOD AT MATH." 1286 00:48:57,833 --> 00:49:00,233 [laughter] "WHAT'S FOUR PLUS THREE?" 1287 00:49:00,233 --> 00:49:02,466 AND HE'S LIKE, "SIX." 1288 00:49:02,466 --> 00:49:04,766 I'M GOING, "NO. OH, NO." 1289 00:49:04,766 --> 00:49:07,366 SO, YEAH. SO I DON'T KNOW. 1290 00:49:07,366 --> 00:49:10,600 I THINK I'M GONNA HAVE MY OWN SET OF ISSUES TO DEAL WITH. 1291 00:49:14,266 --> 00:49:16,166 - HI. - OH. OH, YES. 1292 00:49:16,166 --> 00:49:17,800 - YEAH, ALL THE WAY BACK. - YES. 1293 00:49:17,800 --> 00:49:20,500 - I WAS WONDERING IF THERE WERE ANY PLANS FOR KHAN ACADEMY 1294 00:49:20,500 --> 00:49:23,700 TO BE ADDING CURRICULUM TO LEARN NEW LANGUAGES. 1295 00:49:23,700 --> 00:49:27,533 - HMM. YEAH. NO, I MEAN, THE SIMPLE ANSWER IS NO. 1296 00:49:27,533 --> 00:49:28,866 I MEAN, IT'S INTERESTING. WE WERE JUST CHATTING 1297 00:49:28,866 --> 00:49:30,533 WITH SOME OF THE DUOLINGO FOLKS. 1298 00:49:30,533 --> 00:49:31,866 I DON'T KNOW IF YOU ALL ARE FAMILIAR. 1299 00:49:31,866 --> 00:49:34,333 I MEAN, THEY'RE A GREAT APP FOR LEARNING LANGUAGES. 1300 00:49:34,333 --> 00:49:36,166 BUT NO, WE DON'T. I MEAN, I-- 1301 00:49:36,166 --> 00:49:40,700 YOU KNOW, I'VE GOT IDEAS FOR LANGUAGE LEARNING, 1302 00:49:40,700 --> 00:49:42,800 AND, I MEAN, I'LL TELL YOU SOME OF MY CRAZY IDEAS. 1303 00:49:42,800 --> 00:49:44,533 YOU KNOW, SETTING UP SKYPE BUDDIES 1304 00:49:44,533 --> 00:49:46,300 WITH, YOU KNOW, KIDS OF DIFFERENT AGES-- 1305 00:49:46,300 --> 00:49:49,433 I MIGHT TRY TO SET IT UP FOR MY KIDS IN THE NEAR FUTURE-- 1306 00:49:49,433 --> 00:49:51,400 WHERE, YOU KNOW, A KID IN INDIA OR A KID IN MEXICO, 1307 00:49:51,400 --> 00:49:53,033 WHERE THEY SPEND SOME TIME IN ENGLISH, 1308 00:49:53,033 --> 00:49:54,500 SOME TIME IN THE OTHER LANGUAGE 1309 00:49:54,500 --> 00:49:56,366 AND TRY TO SOLVE PROBLEMS TOGETHER. 1310 00:49:56,366 --> 00:49:57,766 I'VE EVEN THOUGHT THAT, YOU KNOW, 1311 00:49:57,766 --> 00:49:59,366 THE BEST FOREIGN LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION--AND IT ACTUALLY-- 1312 00:49:59,366 --> 00:50:01,566 IN FACT, IT DEFINITELY WOULD BE MORE ECONOMICAL-- 1313 00:50:01,566 --> 00:50:05,433 WOULD, YOU KNOW, JUST SEND THEM TO A COUNTRY FOR A MONTH, 1314 00:50:05,433 --> 00:50:07,100 AND THEY WILL COME BACK HAVING KNOWN THE LANGUAGE. 1315 00:50:07,100 --> 00:50:09,433 SO YES--BUT NO, 1316 00:50:09,433 --> 00:50:12,100 WE AREN'T PROBABLY GONNA DO FOREIGN LANGUAGE ANYTIME SOON. 1317 00:50:12,100 --> 00:50:14,633 YES. - HI, SO I SPEND A LOT OF TIME, 1318 00:50:14,633 --> 00:50:18,633 LIKE YOU, WITH MIT ENGINEERS AND NASA ENGINEERS, 1319 00:50:18,633 --> 00:50:22,133 AND THERE'S A LARGE PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE IN THAT POPULATION 1320 00:50:22,133 --> 00:50:24,833 WHO FIT THE FOLLOWING DESCRIPTION, WHICH IS, 1321 00:50:24,833 --> 00:50:27,766 THEY'RE REALLY GOOD IN MATH, AND THINGS LIKE WRITING ESSAYS 1322 00:50:27,766 --> 00:50:30,500 AND WRITING STORIES, THEY'RE, YOU KNOW, NOT SO GREAT. 1323 00:50:30,500 --> 00:50:33,700 SO I ACTUALLY SIGNED UP ON KHAN ACADEMY A FEW MONTHS AGO 1324 00:50:33,700 --> 00:50:34,833 AND I WAS LOOKING FOR A WRITING COURSE. 1325 00:50:34,833 --> 00:50:36,100 - MM. - DIDN'T FIND ONE, 1326 00:50:36,100 --> 00:50:38,166 SO I THOUGHT--WELL, I HAD A RANGE OF RESPONSES. 1327 00:50:38,166 --> 00:50:40,733 AT ONE END, I'M THINKING, MAYBE THAT'S TOO CHALLENGING 1328 00:50:40,733 --> 00:50:42,133 OR THERE'S SOMETHING UNIQUE ABOUT IT 1329 00:50:42,133 --> 00:50:43,800 AND THEY JUST HAVEN'T GOTTEN TO IT YET. 1330 00:50:43,800 --> 00:50:45,333 AT THE OTHER END OF THE SPECTRUM, I'M THINKING, 1331 00:50:45,333 --> 00:50:47,200 WELL, MAYBE FOR SOME CAREERS, YOU KNOW, 1332 00:50:47,200 --> 00:50:48,366 WRITING ISN'T THAT IMPORTANT. 1333 00:50:48,366 --> 00:50:50,533 - OH, NO. WELL, I MEAN, I-- 1334 00:50:50,533 --> 00:50:53,633 I PUT UP--I PUT WRITING UP THERE, I MEAN, IF, YOU KNOW-- 1335 00:50:53,633 --> 00:50:56,933 LIKE, THAT'S THE ENABLER OF, YOU KNOW, ALMOST EVERYTHING. 1336 00:50:56,933 --> 00:50:59,133 AND, I MEAN, I THINK THERE'S A TRAGEDY OUT THERE TOO. 1337 00:50:59,133 --> 00:51:01,266 I MEAN, I AGREE, A LOT OF PEOPLE WHO ARE STRONG IN MATH 1338 00:51:01,266 --> 00:51:03,833 AND SCIENCE KIND OF THINK WRITING ISN'T FOR THEM, 1339 00:51:03,833 --> 00:51:05,066 AND THEN YOU HAVE PEOPLE ON THE OTHER SIDE 1340 00:51:05,066 --> 00:51:07,533 WHO ARE STRONG WRITERS, WHO THINK MATH AND SCIENCE 1341 00:51:07,533 --> 00:51:09,266 ISN'T FOR THEM, AND IT'S A TRAGEDY, 1342 00:51:09,266 --> 00:51:10,966 BECAUSE IF ANYTHING, I'VE SEEN-- 1343 00:51:10,966 --> 00:51:12,466 IT'S THE SAME EXACT MUSCLES YOU USE. 1344 00:51:12,466 --> 00:51:14,166 IT'S THE ABILITY TO THINK CLEARLY, 1345 00:51:14,166 --> 00:51:18,100 TO STRUCTURE YOUR THOUGHT, TO BE LOGICAL. 1346 00:51:18,100 --> 00:51:21,400 SO, I MEAN, I ACTUALLY THINK IF PEOPLE ALLOW THEMSELVES 1347 00:51:21,400 --> 00:51:23,700 TO THINK THIS WAY, THE PEOPLE-- 1348 00:51:23,700 --> 00:51:25,533 THE VERY SAME PEOPLE WHO ARE EXCELLENT WRITERS 1349 00:51:25,533 --> 00:51:27,600 CAN BE AMAZING MATHEMATICIANS AND VICE VERSA. 1350 00:51:27,600 --> 00:51:30,033 AND, YOU KNOW, I SEE KIND OF A-- THERE'S A COROLLARY THERE 1351 00:51:30,033 --> 00:51:31,166 WHERE I SEE PEOPLE WHO IT'S LIKE, 1352 00:51:31,166 --> 00:51:32,333 "OH, I'M NOT INTO MATH AND SCIENCE. 1353 00:51:32,333 --> 00:51:34,266 I CONSIDER MYSELF A CREATIVE PERSON." 1354 00:51:34,266 --> 00:51:36,366 AND THAT KILLS ME TOO, BECAUSE AS WE ALL KNOW, 1355 00:51:36,366 --> 00:51:38,433 MATH AND SCIENCE IS, YOU KNOW, ESPECIALLY IN ENGINEERING, 1356 00:51:38,433 --> 00:51:41,600 IT'S ALL ABOUT CREATING THINGS THAT NEVER EXISTED BEFORE. 1357 00:51:41,600 --> 00:51:43,866 AND I THINK SOME OF THIS DICHOTOMY HAPPENS 1358 00:51:43,866 --> 00:51:47,066 BECAUSE, YOU KNOW, EARLY ON IN OUR EDUCATION, 1359 00:51:47,066 --> 00:51:52,600 WE EVALUATE STUDENTS, YOU KNOW, WITH THESE TESTS, YOU KNOW. 1360 00:51:52,600 --> 00:51:55,700 AT THIRD GRADE, HOW WELL CAN YOU MULTIPLY THESE TWO NUMBERS? 1361 00:51:55,700 --> 00:51:57,833 HAVE YOU MEMORIZED YOUR MULTIPLICATION TABLES WELL? 1362 00:51:57,833 --> 00:51:59,266 AND WE EVALUATE, AND WE GIVE THEM-- 1363 00:51:59,266 --> 00:52:00,933 YOU KNOW, WE GIVE THEM A GRADE. 1364 00:52:00,933 --> 00:52:02,966 AND THAT GRADE ISN'T LIKE, OH, YOU KNEW 80%. 1365 00:52:02,966 --> 00:52:04,966 LET'S KEEP WORKING ON IT, SO YOU GET 100%. 1366 00:52:04,966 --> 00:52:07,800 THAT GRADE IS, YOU KNEW 80%. YOU ARE A "C" STUDENT. 1367 00:52:07,800 --> 00:52:09,033 YOU ARE MEDIOCRE. 1368 00:52:09,033 --> 00:52:11,200 JUST REMEMBER THAT, YOU'RE MEDIOCRE. 1369 00:52:11,200 --> 00:52:13,766 AND WHAT THAT DOES IS-- 1370 00:52:13,766 --> 00:52:19,000 OH, I MEAN, WELL, I JUST LOST MY TRAIN OF THOUGHT WITH ALL THE-- 1371 00:52:19,000 --> 00:52:21,566 WHAT WERE WE TALKING ABOUT? - WRITING. 1372 00:52:21,566 --> 00:52:22,933 - OH, WRITING. YEAH, WE WERE TALKING-- 1373 00:52:22,933 --> 00:52:24,366 [muttering] [laughter] 1374 00:52:24,366 --> 00:52:26,933 IT WAS REALLY GOOD TOO, WHAT I WAS ABOUT TO SAY. 1375 00:52:26,933 --> 00:52:28,800 ANYWAY, I'M GONNA REMEMBER IT IN, LIKE, 30 SECONDS. 1376 00:52:28,800 --> 00:52:32,266 BUT I JUST HAD A COMPLETE--YES. BUT ANYWAY, THE-- 1377 00:52:32,266 --> 00:52:33,933 OH, NOW I REMEMBER. WE-- 1378 00:52:33,933 --> 00:52:35,500 [laughter] 1379 00:52:35,500 --> 00:52:37,900 THAT--WHAT THAT IS, IS THAT'S LIKE-- 1380 00:52:37,900 --> 00:52:41,533 THAT'S LIKE EVALUATING ARTISTS 1381 00:52:41,533 --> 00:52:43,433 BASED ON HOW WELL THEY MIX PAINT. 1382 00:52:43,433 --> 00:52:44,733 OR IT'S LIKE EVALUATING A DANCER 1383 00:52:44,733 --> 00:52:47,800 BASED ON HOW FLEXIBLE THEY ARE AT AGE EIGHT. 1384 00:52:47,800 --> 00:52:49,800 AND SO I THINK THERE COULD BE A LOT 1385 00:52:49,800 --> 00:52:51,266 THAT COULD BE DONE ON THE WRITING SIDE. 1386 00:52:51,266 --> 00:52:53,333 I THINK A LOT OF PEOPLE HAVE A FEAR OF WRITING. 1387 00:52:53,333 --> 00:52:55,666 THEY HAD A TEACHER AT SOME POINT THAT WAS VERY, 1388 00:52:55,666 --> 00:52:57,166 "HEY, YOU MISSPELLED THAT WORD." 1389 00:52:57,166 --> 00:52:58,800 AND THEY LOST THE CREATIVE SIDE. 1390 00:52:58,800 --> 00:53:00,766 HEY, JUST WRITE, WRITE WHAT YOU'RE THINKING. 1391 00:53:00,766 --> 00:53:03,633 WRITE FREELY, WRITE WHAT YOU'RE--YOUR ARGUMENT. 1392 00:53:03,633 --> 00:53:05,266 AND LIKEWISE, A LOT OF PEOPLE GET TURNED OFF 1393 00:53:05,266 --> 00:53:06,633 OF MATH AND SCIENCE. 1394 00:53:06,633 --> 00:53:08,800 THEY GOT DINGED, HEY, YOU'RE NOT GOOD AT THIS OR THAT. 1395 00:53:08,800 --> 00:53:11,333 EVEN THOUGH THEY WOULD LOVE TO BUILD THINGS AND CREATE THINGS. 1396 00:53:11,333 --> 00:53:13,666 IN TERMS OF KIND OF THE WRITING, I MEAN, 1397 00:53:13,666 --> 00:53:15,366 IT IS SOMETHING THAT ONE DAY WE WILL WANT TO DO 1398 00:53:15,366 --> 00:53:16,400 ON KHAN ACADEMY. 1399 00:53:16,400 --> 00:53:17,733 I THINK IT'S ACTUALLY GOING TO BE 1400 00:53:17,733 --> 00:53:19,800 SOMETHING CLOSER TO OUR COMPUTER SCIENCE PLATFORM, 1401 00:53:19,800 --> 00:53:22,733 WHERE YOU HAVE THESE PROJECTS, YOU CAN CREATE THEM. 1402 00:53:22,733 --> 00:53:24,833 YOU CAN PUBLISH THEM, THEY'RE IN YOUR PROFILE, 1403 00:53:24,833 --> 00:53:26,266 AND THEY'RE ESSENTIALLY YOUR PORTFOLIO. 1404 00:53:26,266 --> 00:53:27,500 AND THEN THE REST OF THE COMMUNITY 1405 00:53:27,500 --> 00:53:29,166 CAN GIVE YOU FEEDBACK ON HOW YOU DID, 1406 00:53:29,166 --> 00:53:32,100 AND SO YOU CAN KEEP ITERATING AND MAKING THEM BETTER. 1407 00:53:32,100 --> 00:53:35,466 - OKAY, THANKS. - YEAH. 1408 00:53:35,466 --> 00:53:38,200 - I MENTOR MOUNTAIN VIEW HIGH SCHOOL ROBOTICS TEAM. 1409 00:53:38,200 --> 00:53:40,333 AND ONE OF THE BIGGEST CHALLENGES I HAVE 1410 00:53:40,333 --> 00:53:42,833 AS A MENTOR FOR THESE KIDS, THESE HIGH SCHOOL KIDS-- 1411 00:53:42,833 --> 00:53:45,533 I'M AN ENGINEER HERE AT NASA-- 1412 00:53:45,533 --> 00:53:48,833 IS GETTING THEM TO COMMIT TO DOING IT, TO, 1413 00:53:48,833 --> 00:53:52,066 YOU KNOW, GO READ STUFF OUTSIDE OF SOMEONE HANDING IT TO 'EM 1414 00:53:52,066 --> 00:53:53,800 AND ALL THAT, 1415 00:53:53,800 --> 00:53:55,933 AND YOU SHOWING THE YOUNG FELLOW HERE'S VIDEO, 1416 00:53:55,933 --> 00:53:58,300 I WAS THINKING, HE WAS ONE OF THOSE KIDS-- 1417 00:53:58,300 --> 00:54:00,766 MAYBE WORSE SO THAN THE ONES I'M WITH-- 1418 00:54:00,766 --> 00:54:03,700 AND THEN HE ENGAGED, AND HE COMMITTED TO LEARN, 1419 00:54:03,700 --> 00:54:06,200 AND HE FOLLOWED THROUGH, AND HE'S DONE EXCEPTIONALLY WELL. 1420 00:54:06,200 --> 00:54:08,433 THE ONES THAT I MENTOR THAT DO THAT, 1421 00:54:08,433 --> 00:54:11,400 COMMIT AND GO ON, DO REALLY WELL. 1422 00:54:11,400 --> 00:54:13,766 THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE I HAVE IS TO GETTING THEM TO COMMIT. 1423 00:54:13,766 --> 00:54:16,433 - YEAH. - WHAT DO YOU HAVE ON THAT? 1424 00:54:16,433 --> 00:54:19,633 - YEAH, I MEAN, YOU KNOW, THERE'S NO SIMPLE ANSWER THERE. 1425 00:54:19,633 --> 00:54:21,800 I MEAN, I--THERE'S-- 1426 00:54:21,800 --> 00:54:23,466 YOU KNOW, I WILL CITE, THERE'S ALL THIS-- 1427 00:54:23,466 --> 00:54:25,066 YOU KNOW, THIS IS SOMETHING WE TALK A LOT ABOUT 1428 00:54:25,066 --> 00:54:27,366 IN OUR OWN-- AT KHAN ACADEMY. 1429 00:54:27,366 --> 00:54:29,066 THERE'S ALL THIS RESEARCH AROUND MIND-SETS, 1430 00:54:29,066 --> 00:54:30,766 AROUND, YOU KNOW, THE GROWTH MIND-SET-- 1431 00:54:30,766 --> 00:54:31,833 HOW MANY OF YOU ARE FAMILIAR 1432 00:54:31,833 --> 00:54:33,400 WITH THIS IDEA OF A GROWTH MIND-SET? 1433 00:54:33,400 --> 00:54:35,533 ANY--OKAY, A FEW FOLKS. THERE'S A RESEARCHER, 1434 00:54:35,533 --> 00:54:37,633 CAROL DWECK AT STANFORD, HER WHOLE RESEARCH 1435 00:54:37,633 --> 00:54:39,133 FOR THE LAST SEVERAL DECADES IS GROWTH MIND-SET. 1436 00:54:39,133 --> 00:54:42,166 AND IT'S THIS IDEA THAT YOU CAN EITHER HAVE A GROWTH MIND-SET 1437 00:54:42,166 --> 00:54:43,800 OR A FIXED MIND-SET. 1438 00:54:43,800 --> 00:54:45,466 AND UNFORTUNATELY, MOST OF THE WORLD HAS A FIXED MIND-SET. 1439 00:54:45,466 --> 00:54:47,566 THEY JUST THINK THAT THEY'RE EITHER GOOD OR BAD AT SOMETHING. 1440 00:54:47,566 --> 00:54:49,900 I'M A GOOD WRITER. I'M BAD AT MATH. 1441 00:54:49,900 --> 00:54:51,533 OR I'M--YOU KNOW, SO THEY THINK INNATE, 1442 00:54:51,533 --> 00:54:52,866 IT WAS KIND OF GOD-GIVEN. 1443 00:54:52,866 --> 00:54:54,900 WHILE A GROWTH MIND-SET PERSON SAYS, "WELL, IF I KEEP 1444 00:54:54,900 --> 00:54:57,400 WORKING ON SOMETHING ENOUGH AND IF I REALLY OWN IT, 1445 00:54:57,400 --> 00:54:59,700 I CAN EVENTUALLY GET TO WHATEVER I NEED TO GET TO." 1446 00:54:59,700 --> 00:55:01,633 AND HER RESEARCH HAS SHOWN THAT, LIKE, 1447 00:55:01,633 --> 00:55:04,466 IF YOU DO GROWTH MIND-SET INTERVENTIONS-- 1448 00:55:04,466 --> 00:55:05,966 THERE'S ANOTHER RESEARCHER, ANGELA DUCKWORTH 1449 00:55:05,966 --> 00:55:08,600 AT UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, ON GRIT AND PERSEVERANCE-- 1450 00:55:08,600 --> 00:55:10,433 AND THEY DO THESE, YOU KNOW, YOU WOULD THINK, 1451 00:55:10,433 --> 00:55:12,133 ALMOST SUPERFICIAL INTERVENTIONS, 1452 00:55:12,133 --> 00:55:15,133 WHERE THEY WILL JUST TELL THE STUDENT THAT, YOU KNOW, 1453 00:55:15,133 --> 00:55:17,533 WHEN YOU MAKE A MISTAKE, THAT'S WHEN YOUR BRAIN GROWS. 1454 00:55:17,533 --> 00:55:19,466 OR THEY WOULD DO A LITTLE INTERVENTION ABOUT-- 1455 00:55:19,466 --> 00:55:21,100 AND IT HAS ALL SORTS OF IMPLICATIONS 1456 00:55:21,100 --> 00:55:22,800 FOR THE REST OF THEIR-- 1457 00:55:22,800 --> 00:55:24,800 SO IT'S-- I THINK IT'S PART OF OWNING-- 1458 00:55:24,800 --> 00:55:26,800 PART OF THE REASON WHY PEOPLE DON'T OWN THINGS 1459 00:55:26,800 --> 00:55:30,133 IS BECAUSE THEY'RE AFRAID OF STRUGGLING AND FAILING, 1460 00:55:30,133 --> 00:55:31,566 AND THEN THEY KIND OF JUDGE THEMSELVES. 1461 00:55:31,566 --> 00:55:33,666 SO I THINK THAT'S PROBABLY ONE ASPECT. 1462 00:55:33,666 --> 00:55:35,000 I THINK THE OTHER ASPECT OF IT, 1463 00:55:35,000 --> 00:55:36,600 THAT'S HAPPENING FOR A LOT OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS, 1464 00:55:36,600 --> 00:55:40,533 IS THAT WE KIND OF OVERSCHEDULE THEIR TIME, 1465 00:55:40,533 --> 00:55:42,300 SO THEY HAVE-- THERE'S NO BREATHING ROOM. 1466 00:55:42,300 --> 00:55:43,533 AND THAT TIME IS LITERALLY, YOU KNOW, LIKE, 1467 00:55:43,533 --> 00:55:44,633 THEY HAVE SIX DIFFERENT TEACHERS SAYING, 1468 00:55:44,633 --> 00:55:45,633 DO THIS TONIGHT. DO THAT TONIGHT.